三种生物醇烟草抑芽剂乳油的制备与抑芽效果评价

    Preparation and bud-inhibiting efficacy evaluation of three bio-alcohol-based tobacco bud inhibitor emulsifiable concentrates

    • 摘要: 制备了3种生物醇烟草抑芽剂乳油(EC),系统评价了其性能、稀释液特性及田间抑芽效果。分别以月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇及C12~C14混合醇为原料,按比例称取生物醇和溶剂、助剂,混合制成抑芽剂乳油;采用稳定性评价,粒径分析,表面张力、接触角与持留量测定等手段,对3种抑芽剂乳油的性能进行了表征;采用田间药效试验,评价了其抑芽效果。结果表明:3种生物醇烟草抑芽剂(EC)均具有良好的贮存稳定性,其稀释液粒径均匀,表面张力均低于30 mN/m;润湿性强,液滴与烟草腋芽的接触角均小于35°;附着能力强,持留量均高于0.02 g/cm2。烟草打顶后抑芽试验结果表明,55% C12~C14混合醇和55%肉豆蔻醇抑芽剂EC分别稀释25倍和50倍后施药,药后20和40 d均表现出优异且持久的抑芽效果,其中C12~C14混合醇抑芽剂EC(25倍)在药后40 d的抑芽率达91.06%,抑芽效果达97.61%,显著优于化学对照药剂25%氟节胺EC;月桂醇抑芽剂在初期效果良好,但持效性较差。本研究认为,生物醇类烟草抑芽剂在抑芽效率和施用安全性方面具有显著优势,具备替代传统化学抑芽剂的潜力,符合烟草绿色生产的发展需求。

       

      Abstract: Three types of bio-alcohol-based emulsifiable concentrates (EC) for tobacco bud inhibition were prepared, and their properties, dilution characteristics, and field bud inhibition effects were systematically evaluated. Specificlly, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, and C12-C14 mixed alcohol served as raw materials, which were proportionally blended with solvents, and additives to formulate the emulsifiable concentrates. Their properties were characterized by stability evaluation, particle size analysis, and determinations of surface tension, contact angle and retention rate. Their bud-inhibiting efficacy was evaluated via field efficacy trials. The results indicated that all three bio-alcohol-based tobacco bud inhibitors exhibited good storage stability, forming uniform emulsions upon dilution with surface tensions consistently below 30 mN/m. They demonstrated strong wettability, with contact angles of droplets on tobacco axillary buds remaining below 35°, alongside superior adhesion properties, achieving retention amounts exceeding 0.02 g/cm2. Post-topping inhibition tests indicated that the C12-C14 mixed alcohol and myristyl alcohol inhibitors, applied at dilutions of 25-fold and 50-fold, respectively, provided sustained and effective bud inhibition at both 20 and 40 days after treatment. Notably, the C12-C14 mixed alcohol inhibitor EC at a 25-fold dilution achieved a bud inhibition rate of 91.06% and a bud inhibition efficacy of 97.61% at 40 days after application, significantly outperforming the chemical control, 25% flumetralin EC. While the lauryl alcohol-based inhibitor showed good initial efficacy but limited persistence. This study suggests that bio-alcohol-based tobacco bud inhibitors offer significant advantages in both bud-inhibiting efficiency and application safety, highlighting their potential as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional chemical agents for sustainable tobacco production.

       

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