Fungicide resistance and the management strategies

With the development and widespread use of modern highly active selective fungicides, fungicide resistance in different phytopathogens is becoming increasingly serious, which is one of the most concerned issues in the field of chemical protection of plant diseases. This paper clarified the definitions of terms related to fungicide resistance, overviewed the current situation of phytopathogen resistance to fungicides, and analyzed the causes of fungicide resistance from the perspectives of natural selection and induced mutation. Then, it summarized the factors influencing the prevalence of fungicide resistance, including the characteristics of pathogens, the types and mode of action of fungicides, and other factors. The content of fungicide resistance risk assessment, fungicide resistance mechanism, fungicide resistance evolution, and methods and technologies for routine and molecular detection of fungicide resistance were also reviewed. Finally, the goals and strategies for fungicide resistance management were further proposed, that is, according to the main influencing factors of the formation of fungicide-resistant pathogen populations, short-term and long-term strategies for fungicide resistance control should be designed in a targeted manner. In particular, it is necessary to further strengthen the risk assessment of new fungicdes and new control objects, develop fungicide resistance management strategies, and establish a re-evaluation mechanism. Clarifying the characteristics of fungicide resistance in plant pathogens and developing scientific and reasonable resistance management strategy will provide important reference value for the green control of plant diseases.