Research progress on key technologies of greenhouse intelligent pesticide application robot

Modern greenhouse pest control operation has gone through processes such as manual, mechanical, automatic, and intelligent pesticide application. Intelligent pesticide application robots have many advantages such as precise pesticide application, variable air-fog output, efficient operation, labor liberation, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products. They meet the urgent needs of modern and intelligent facility agriculture and have become key technical equipment to solve the problem of pesticide application in facility agriculture and promote the development of green, efficient, and intelligent agriculture. At present, the key technologies of greenhouse intelligent spraying robots mainly include mobile platform design, variable spray technology, intelligent navigation technology and accurate identification technology. As the basic component of intelligent pesticide application robots, the mobile platform has significantly improved its structural design, operating speed and handling performance. Most of them are equipped with lifting, suspension, and shock absorption devices to enhance the stability of greenhouse operations; The intelligent variable pesticide application system adjusts the amount and range of pesticide application in real time based on the distribution of pests and diseases in greenhouse crops and the density of canopy structure, making it more accurate, intelligent, and low pollution; Intelligent perception navigation technology is the core technology for achieving autonomous operation of pesticide application robots. It mostly combines technologies such as LiDAR, visual navigation, and ultrasonic sensors to collaboratively perceive the environment, crops, and obstacles, ensuring the safe execution and efficient control of greenhouse plant protection and pesticide application operations; The identification of canopy structure and pest and disease information of greenhouse crops provides a basic parameter basis for precise target variable operations. Although greenhouse intelligent pesticide robots still face challenges such as complex technological integration, high development costs, and poor environmental adaptability, with the continuous innovation and iteration of big data, Internet of Things (IoT), mobile networks, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, as well as the rapid growth of market demand, the future development prospects of greenhouse intelligent pesticide robots are broad, and they are expected to play a greater role in facility agriculture planting and production management, greatly assisting China's facility agriculture to make great strides towards modernization, intelligence, and greenization.