Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the influence of beta-cypermethrin (β-CP) on ovary reproductive function and the intervention of vitamin E (VE) in mice. Blank control (peanut oil treatment), three different doses of β-CP (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), protection (20 mg/kg β-CP+20 mg/kg vitamin E) and vitamin E (20 mg/kg) were applied to 6 groups of mice for 10 d continuously. After the treatment, the ovarian tissue was obsoleted to observe the pathological changes of ovarian tissue structure. The changes of StAR protein content, casp-3, casp-8, INHα and INHβB gene expression were determined by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the treatment of β-CP at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg damaged the ovarian tissue in mice, the concentration of StAR protein was reduced by 18.8%, 36.3% and 40.3%, the expression of casp-3 was increased by 16.0%, 26.7% and 52.9%, the expression of INHα was increased by 34.5%, 83.6% and 228.7%, the expression of INHβB was increased by 7.5%, 39.2% and 52.7%; the treatment of β-CP at 20 and 40 mg/kg increased the expression of casp-8 by 27.1% and 36.7%. There are significant differences between the above treatment groups and control groups (P < 0.05). The concentrarion of StAR protein increased in the protection group compared with the 20 mg/kg β-CP treatment group (P < 0.05). Those results demonstrated that β-CP had a toxic effect on the ovarian tissue of mice, which was caused by the inhibition of StAR protein synthesis by β-CP and the increase in the expression of casp-3, casp-8, INHα and INHβB. Vitamin E had a protection effect on mice ovarian tissue after, which resulted from the decrease of the inhibit effect of β-CP on StAR protein by vitamin E.