Abstract: Pesticide residue is a major environmental problem worldwide. Pesticide residue in soil not only directly affects plant growth, but also disturbs plant rhizosphere microbial community. Pesticides, including herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, can affect the structure and function of rhizosphere microbial community. In this review, the effects of various pesticides on the rhizosphere microbial community and the risks of indirect effects of pesticides on plant growth by changing rhizosphere microorganisms were summerized. Pesticides can change the abundance of rhizosphere microorganisms, which are related to the soil circulation of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus, and affect the nutrient intake of plants. Pesticides may also inhibit the growth of rhizosphere biocontrol bacteria, which with results in the changes of the abundance of related pathogens and the plant immunity. Studies on the effects of pesticides on rhizosphere microorganisms and their potential risks will help us to assess the ecological risk of pesticides more comprehensively provide theoretical basis for the discovery and safely use of pesticides.