王亚, 申志慧, 刘腾飞, 陈小龙, 余向阳. 九种常用农药在桃树生长后期使用的安全性[J]. 农药学学报, 2020, 22(4): 617-626. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2020.0118
    引用本文: 王亚, 申志慧, 刘腾飞, 陈小龙, 余向阳. 九种常用农药在桃树生长后期使用的安全性[J]. 农药学学报, 2020, 22(4): 617-626. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2020.0118
    WANG Ya, SHEN Zhihui, LIU Tengfei, CHEN Xiaolong, YU Xiangyang. Safety of nine pesticides commonly applied to peach tree in the late growth stage[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2020, 22(4): 617-626. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2020.0118
    Citation: WANG Ya, SHEN Zhihui, LIU Tengfei, CHEN Xiaolong, YU Xiangyang. Safety of nine pesticides commonly applied to peach tree in the late growth stage[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2020, 22(4): 617-626. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2020.0118

    九种常用农药在桃树生长后期使用的安全性

    Safety of nine pesticides commonly applied to peach tree in the late growth stage

    • 摘要: 为了评价桃生长后期使用农药的安全性,以桃早熟品种‘金陵黄露’为材料,分别在桃果收获前7和14 d,按最高推荐剂量及2倍最高推荐剂量混合施用9种农药,包括4种杀虫剂 (阿维菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氯氟氰菊酯和吡虫啉) 和5种杀菌剂 (苯醚甲环唑、腈苯唑、嘧菌酯、甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵),研究了桃果中的农药残留量变化及不同农药在桃枝、桃叶、果皮和果肉中的分布规律,以及套袋在桃生长后期阻控农药吸收中发挥的作用。结果表明:在桃收获前7 d,按2倍最高推荐剂量施用其中3种杀菌剂 (苯醚甲环唑、腈苯唑、嘧菌酯) 和4种杀虫剂 (阿维菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉),7种农药在桃全果中的残留量均低于中国国家农药残留限量标准(MRL);而过量施用多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵,桃全果中多菌灵残留量显著高于MRL标准,且随着施药后时间的延长,增加了多菌灵由果皮或枝叶向果肉迁移的风险。套袋处理后,桃全果中多菌灵的残留量远低于中国MRL标准,同时显著减少了桃全果中其他8种农药的残留量。9种供试农药在桃树不同组织中的分布规律一致,由高到低依次为果皮>全果>桃叶≥果肉≥桃枝。本研究表明,不同农药品种在桃生长后期消解规律存在差异,其中多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵超量使用会增加多菌灵在桃果中残留超标的风险,而套袋处理可减少桃果中的农药残留。该结果对去除桃果中农药残留、降低膳食摄入风险有一定指导意义。

       

      Abstract: To evaluate the safety of pesticides used on peach trees at the late growth stage, the early-ripening peach cultivar ‘Jinlinghuanglu’ was used to investigate changes of pesticide residues in the peaches. The distributions of different pesticides in peach twig, leaf, peel, and flesh samples after the application of nine pre-mixed pesticide formulations at 1- and 2-fold of the maximum recommended doses, including four insecticides (abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin, and imidacloprid) and five fungicides (difenoconazole, fenbuconazole, azoxystrobin, thiophanate-methyl, and carbendazim) were also investigated 7 and 14 days before the harvest. In addition, the usefulness of bagging for the control of pesticide residues at the late growth stage was evaluated. The results showed that the residual amounts of three fungicides (difenoconazole, fenbuconazole, and azoxystrobin) and four insecticides (abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin, and imidacloprid) were always below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by China for whole peaches, even treated with 2-fold of the maximum recommended daily doses 7 days before the harvest. However, carbendazim residue was significantly higher than the MRL value in whole peaches after the excessive application of carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl. Furthermore, the potential risk of carbendazim migration from peach peels, leaves, and twigs to peach flesh may increase over time. The residual amounts of carbendazim in whole peaches with bagging treatments were significantly lower than the MRL value. Bagging also dramatically decreased the residues of eight other pesticides in whole peaches. The results also revealed that the distributions of nine pesticides in different peach-tree tissues were similar, which followed in the order: peach peels > whole peaches > peach leaves ≥ peach flesh ≥ peach twigs. The results indicated that the breakdown mechanisms of different pesticides in peaches varied at the late growth stage. The excessive application of carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl increased the risk of carbendazim residues in peaches. Bagging is an effective way to reduce pesticide residues in peaches. The results will contribute to the removal of pesticide residues in peaches and reducing the risk of dietary intake.

       

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