Abstract: Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat has become more and more serious in China in recent years, which not only threatens food security, but also has the potential threat of mycotoxin contamination, which endangers human and animal health. This paper summarizes the damage status of wheat crown rot and the dominant Fusarium spp. that cause the disease in different regions. It is clear that Fusarium pseudograminearum has gradually become the dominant pathogen of FCR in many major wheat producing areas in China. On this basis, the infection cycle and genetic diversity of F. pseudograminearum were further analyzed, revealing the serious occurrence of FCR and the accumulation of F. pseudograminearum in soil, agricultural measures and various environmental and climatic factors, especially drought environment is closely related. This paper also summarized the reported key proteins that regulate the pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum, revealed the toxin production type of F. pseudograminearum, clarified the biochemical pathway of deoxynivalenol (DON) synthesis, effects of different fungicides on DON synthesis, and the mechanism by which fungicides stimulate or inhibit DON synthesis. With the purpose of "disease control and deoxynivalenol reduction", a variety of comprehensive prevention and control measures for coordinated disease prevention are proposed, which have important reference value for the realization of green prevention and control of FCR.