Abstract: To obtain the distribution behavior and dietary risk of pesticide residues in different parts of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), two-, three- and four-year-old ginseng from Jidong city and two-, three-, four-, five- and six-year-old ginseng from Hulin city, Heilongjiang Province, were sampled. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was established for the determination of pentachloronitrobenzene, hexachlorobenzene and chlorpyrifos residues in root-heads, taproots and fibrous roots of ginseng, and the short-term dietary risks of all samples were evaluated. The detection rate of pentachloronitrobenzene was 74% of total 72 ginseng samples, and the detected residues were 0.005-0.062 mg/kg. The detection rate of hexachlorobenzene was 78%, and the residues were 0.057-0.150 mg/kg. The detection rate of chlorpyrifos was 61%, and the detected residues were 0.018-0.073 mg/kg. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020), the maximum residue limit (MRL) of pentachloronitrobenzene and hexachlorobenzene was 0.1 mg/kg. Among the detected samples, the residues of hexachlorobenzene in five- and six-year-old ginseng root-heads and the six-year-old ginseng taproots from Hulin city exceeded the MRL, with the exceeding rates of 2.8%, 5.6% and 2.8%, respectively. The pesticide residues increased with the increase of growth year of ginseng. The accumulated pesticide residues in various parts of ginseng from high to low were root-heads, taproots and fibrous roots. The short-term risk quotient (RQST) was far less than 100%, which indicated that there was no unacceptable short-term dietary exposure risk to human body via ginseng.