Abstract: As a class of broad-spectrum insecticides, pyrethroids have been widely used in agriculture, forestry and health fields, and are frequently detected in aquatic environments in various regions. Meanwhile, pyrethroids are easy to be accumulated in aquatic organisms and cause high toxicity. Pyrethroids are highly hydrophobic compounds, and their environmental risks are often overestimated if their total concentrations in environmental media are analyzed using conventional chemical analysis methods. In recent 20 years, bioavailability has been widely used in environmental risk assessment of hydrophobic organic pollutants. Passive sampling technology as a sampling technology in which the analytes spontaneously transmitted from the sampling medium to the sampler. The free dissolved concentrations of pyrethroids determined by passive sampling technology can reflect their bioavailability more accurately than the total concentrations. In this paper, the latest research progress in the evaluation of the bioavailability of pyrethroids in aquatic environments using passive sampling techniques was reviewed. Firstly, the principle of passive sampling technology for evaluating the bioavailability of pyrethroids in aquatic environments was briefly summarized. Then, the basic performances and application characteristics of the commonly used passive samplers were discussed. Meanwhile, the application of passive sampling technology in the residue monitoring, aquatic organism toxicity evaluation, and residue accumulation prediction of pyrethroid in water were introduced in detail. Finally, the future development direction of this technology in China was prospected.