Abstract: Pests are the main risk factors threatening the growth and development of crops and product quality. Effective control of pests is an important part to ensure the stable production of crops. Traditionally, chemical pesticides have been effective in pest control, but chemical pesticides themselves have also posed a significant risk of persistent damage to non-target organisms and the ecological environment. Pest green control is an inevitable requirement of sustainable agricultural development. Among them, protein-type biological materials with insecticidal function are a hot spot in the innovative research and development and application of pest green control because of their high safety and use in mass production of insecticides and even transgenic insect-resistant crops. For example, the protein-type biological materials with insecticidal function such as Bt toxin, lectin, venom, defensin and protease inhibitor, have been intensively studied and widely applied in pest control. In addition, in recent years, some new insecticidal proteins including insecticidal antibodies and corresponding innovative technologies, have been emerging and developing rapidly. In this paper, the potential innovative research and development and application of protein-type biological materials with insecticidal function are prospected, of which on the basis of systematically reviewing the current research and development and application status of them, and combining the original research results and experience of the author's team in the targeting design of insecticidal antibodies. The aims to provide the latest literature and technical reference for the green control of agricultural pests.