Abstract: With the development of science and technology, more attention has been focused on human health and environmental safety. Green pesticides will be the development trend of pesticides in the future. Compared to traditional chemical pesticides, specific targeting, environmental safety, and easy development were among the advantages of nucleic acid pesticides. However, there are great challenges in delivering the effector molecules of nucleic acid pesticides (dsRNA/siRNA) to the tissues or cells of target organisms. In recent years, nucleic acid pesticide delivery systems based on various types of nanomaterials have been developed to address this issue. The approaches and challenges of applying nucleic acid pesticides, as well as the advantages, mechanisms, and novel nanomaterials used in nanomaterial-mediated nucleic acid pesticide delivery systems, are reviewed in this paper. The prospects of nanomaterial-mediated delivery systems for nucleic acid pesticides are also prospected.