Abstract: The progress of chiral pesticide toxicology on the enantioselective level from the perspectives of chronic toxicity,acute toxicity,cytotoxicity,algae and plants,and the differences of bioaccumulation were reviewed.Many researches have shown that the toxicity of the enantiomers of chiral pesticides are significantly different to non-target receptor.These differences depend on the structure of the enantiomers and also the receptor.Discussing about the biological effects and toxicological mechanisms of chiral pesticides are meaningful to assess the health risk and to produce pure and enriched enantiomer of pesticides.