顾中言, 徐德进, 徐广春. 论农药雾滴的剂量及分布对害虫防治效果的影响及其与农药损失的关系[J]. 农药学学报, 2020, 22(2): 193-204. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2020.0065
    引用本文: 顾中言, 徐德进, 徐广春. 论农药雾滴的剂量及分布对害虫防治效果的影响及其与农药损失的关系[J]. 农药学学报, 2020, 22(2): 193-204. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2020.0065
    GU Zhongyan, XU Dejin, XU Guangchun. Effects of dose and distribution of pesticide droplets on pests control efficiency and its relationship with pesticide losses[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2020, 22(2): 193-204. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2020.0065
    Citation: GU Zhongyan, XU Dejin, XU Guangchun. Effects of dose and distribution of pesticide droplets on pests control efficiency and its relationship with pesticide losses[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2020, 22(2): 193-204. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2020.0065

    论农药雾滴的剂量及分布对害虫防治效果的影响及其与农药损失的关系

    Effects of dose and distribution of pesticide droplets on pests control efficiency and its relationship with pesticide losses

    • 摘要: 为了明确农药雾滴在剂量传递中的作用方式,本文就雾滴的农药剂量和分布形式在保护作物和杀死害虫过程中的作用模式、以及由此产生的剂量损失进行了论述。农药剂量确定后,雾滴作为农药剂量的载体降落在水稻表面形成沉积点,害虫获得致死剂量后死亡。当雾滴在叶片表面呈连续的均匀分布时,害虫极易接触到药剂。如果害虫在第一时间获得致死剂量,则害虫死亡,其他剂量被浪费;如果第一时间未获得致死剂量,则害虫将继续为害,直至获得致死剂量,导致叶片受损。当雾滴累积的药液量超出叶片的流失点时,药液沉积量将减少约50%,药剂随药液流失,药液用量越多,药剂流失越多,与未流失者相比,需要2倍以上的农药剂量才能确保害虫获得致死剂量。当雾滴在叶片表面呈不连续的点状分布时:①若沉积点大小合适并含有致死剂量,则害虫接触沉积点后死亡,但若沉积点数量太少,则害虫在接触沉积点前会对水稻叶片造成伤害;②若沉积点太小并不足致死剂量,则害虫接触沉积点后仍继续为害叶片直至获得致死剂量;③若沉积点太大,虽含有致死剂量,但害虫只能接触该沉积点的小部分,不能获得致死剂量,则害虫可能在沉积点的范围内继续为害,也可能在几个沉积点的缝隙间为害直至获得致死剂量;④当沉积点的剂量超出致死剂量,则害虫接触沉积点后死亡,超出致死剂量的那部分农药被浪费。总之杀死害虫和保护作物需要有足够多的农药沉积点,而单位面积上沉积点的数量、大小和剂量即可组成农药的沉积结构,不同的沉积结构会产生不同的杀虫效果,最终影响农药利用率。

       

      Abstract: In order to clarify the action mode of pesticide droplet in dose transfer, the interaction patter of pesticide dose, its distribution in the process of crop protection and pest control, and pesticide loss during the process were summarized. When the dose of pesticide was defined, pesticide droplets, which were the carrier of pesticide, landed on the surface of rice and formed the deposit. The pest would be killed after the lethal dose was obtained. The pest was very easy to contact with the pesticide dose when the droplets were succession and uniform distribution. If the pest obtained the lethal dose in the first time, the pest would die and other doses were wasted. If the lethal dose was not obtained at the first time, the pest would continue to harm the leaf until a lethal dose was obtained. When the loss point of the leaf was exceeded, the deposition amount would be reduced by approximately 50% and the dose would be lost. The more application rate was increased, the more dose would be lost. Compared to the situation where no pesticide was lost, more than twice of the pesticide dose was needed to ensure that the lethal dose was obtained. When the deposit on the leaf surface was discrete: ① If the deposit was appropriate size and contained a lethal dose, the pest would die after the contact with the deposit. However, if the number of the deposit was not enough, and the pests would continuous harm the leaf until the lethal dose was obtained. ② If the deposit was too small and did not contain a lethal dose, the pest would continue to harm the leaf until the lethal dose was obtained. ③ If the deposit was too large and contained a lethal dose, the pest could only contact a small portion of the deposit and could not obtain the lethal dose. The pest would continue to harm within the range of the deposit, or in the gaps between several deposits until the lethal dose was obtained. ④ If the deposit contained a dose beyond lethal requirement, the pest would die after the contact with the deposit. However, part of the excess dose was wasted. In a conclusion, plenty of pesticide deposits were necessary in order to kill pests and protect crops. The number, size and dosage of the deposit on a unit area constitute the pesticide deposition structure. Different deposition will result in different biological effect and it is relation to the pesticide utilization efficiency.

       

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