李信申, 曾荣, 方文生, 陈建, 曹坳程, 华菊玲. 山药根结线虫病发生动态及根层施药防治技术研究[J]. 农药学学报, 2022, 24(2): 332-340. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0186
    引用本文: 李信申, 曾荣, 方文生, 陈建, 曹坳程, 华菊玲. 山药根结线虫病发生动态及根层施药防治技术研究[J]. 农药学学报, 2022, 24(2): 332-340. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0186
    LI Xinshen, ZENG Rong, FANG Wensheng, CHEN Jian, CAO Aocheng, HUA Juling. Study on occurrence dynamics of yam root-knot nematode disease and its control technology under root irrigation[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2022, 24(2): 332-340. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0186
    Citation: LI Xinshen, ZENG Rong, FANG Wensheng, CHEN Jian, CAO Aocheng, HUA Juling. Study on occurrence dynamics of yam root-knot nematode disease and its control technology under root irrigation[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2022, 24(2): 332-340. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0186

    山药根结线虫病发生动态及根层施药防治技术研究

    Study on occurrence dynamics of yam root-knot nematode disease and its control technology under root irrigation

    • 摘要: 根结线虫病是山药生产上的顽固性重发病害,严重制约了山药产业优质高效发展。为制定精准的药剂防治技术,以‘瑞山药’为供试品种,在江西瑞昌和南昌建立试验点,采集、鉴定试验点供试田块山药根结线虫种类,监测土壤中根结线虫2龄幼虫(J2)数量消长动态及山药根结线虫病发生动态,进行病害药剂防治适期研究和施药技术研发。结果表明,试验点供试田块山药根结线虫种类均为南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita。山药生长期间,土壤中J2数量呈持续增长态势。山药根系多于5月下旬(山药齐苗期)开始发病;块茎于6月中下旬开始发病,之后块茎病情持续大幅增长。以山药齐苗时及其后60 d左右各施药1次为最佳防治适期,41.7%氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂(有效成分1426 g/hm2)、30%噻唑膦微囊悬浮剂(有效成分2925 g/hm2) 的防治效果分别达81.56%~83.43%和75.95%~77.16%。采用研发的山药根层均匀施药技术用药2次(30%噻唑膦微囊悬浮剂(有效成分 2 925g/hm2) + 100亿芽孢/克坚强芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(有效成分12000 g/hm2)、41.7%氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂(有效成分1426 g/hm2))的防治效果达81%以上,显著高于前期采用滴灌后期采用根层均匀施药技术处理、2次滴灌施药处理以及2次常规灌根施药处理的防治效果。

       

      Abstract: Root-knot nematode disease is a stubborn and easily recurring disease in yam production and severely restricts the high-quality development of the yam industry. To develop an accurate control technology, this study focused on Ruichang yam and established test sites in Ruichang and Nanchang of Jiangxi Province for the collection and identification of the different root-knot nematodes. Population dynamics of the 2nd instar larvae (J2) of root-knot nematode were observed in the soils and the dynamics of nematode infection on yam were monitored in the fields for the determination of the appropriate control periods and the development of effective spraying technology in the fields. The result indicated the nematode isolates in the soils were southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). The J2 populations showed a continuous increase during the whole growth period of yam in the soils. Yam root infections by root-knot nematode occurred mostly in late May (seedling stage) and sick yam tubers appeared in mid-to-late June, then, the severity of the sick yam tubers continued to increase significantly. The critical periods for root-knot nematode control were at the neatly-grown seedling stage and the following 60 days and one application for each. The control efficacy of 41.7% fluopyram suspension (active ingredient amount 1426 g/hm2) and 30% thiazophos microcapsule suspension (active ingredient amount 2925 g/hm2) were 81.56%-83.43% and 75.95%-77.16%, respectively. The application of 30% thiazophos microcapsule suspension (active ingredient amount 2925 g/hm2) combined with 10 billion spores/gram of Bacillus firmus wettable powder (active ingredient amount 12000 g/hm2), and 41.7% fluopyram suspension (active ingredient amount 1426 g/hm2) with newly generated twice uniform root irrigation technology improved the control efficacy to more than 81%, which is significantly higher than the combination of drip irrigation at the early stage and root irrigation at the later stage, two drip irrigation and two conventional root irrigation.

       

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