烯丙唑菌胺对禾谷镰刀菌与假禾谷镰刀菌的抑制活性及其混配配方筛选

    Inhibitory activity of enprocymid against Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudohyphomycetes and screening of its compound formulations

    • 摘要: 琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂 (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors,SDHIs) 是农业生产上非常重要的一类广谱杀菌剂,但目前绝大多数SDHIs对小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病的防效差。烯丙唑菌胺 (enpyracymid) 是由华中师范大学和江苏中旗科技股份有限公司联合创制的新型SDHIs杀菌剂,具有杀菌活性高、杀菌谱广、环境生态风险低等特点。本文通过酶抑制动力学、分子模拟、菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制以及田间药效试验等手段,对烯丙唑菌胺进行了系统研究,结果表明:烯丙唑菌胺为底物竞争性SDHIs,对酵母琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的抑制常数(Ki) 为 (14.86 ± 0.80) nmol/L;烯丙唑菌胺单剂对禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum和假禾谷镰刀菌F. pseudograminearum菌丝生长的EC50值分别为0.014 和0.064 μg/mL,与叶菌唑 (0.011 和0.026 μg/mL) 相当,明显优于丙硫菌唑 (1.795 和0.203 μg/mL);烯丙唑菌胺与叶菌唑混配对假禾谷镰刀菌的增效作用显著,共毒系数 (CTC) 为212.26~757.14;烯丙唑菌胺与丙硫菌唑按照有效成分质量比 1 : 5混配,对禾谷镰刀菌和假禾谷镰刀菌的增效作用均最为明显,CTC分别为290.60和251.45;在有效成分150 和180 g/hm2剂量下进行田间药效试验,烯丙唑菌胺对小麦赤霉病的平均防效分别为85.79%和91.95%,与氟唑菌酰羟胺150 g/hm2剂量下的防效 (86.73%) 相当,显著优于丙硫菌唑180 g/hm2剂量下的防效 (82.47%),且降低脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 类真菌毒素的效果明显。本研究对烯丙唑菌胺的混配制剂研发和田间应用具有重要参考价值。

       

      Abstract: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are a crucial class of broad-spectrum fungicides in the control of plant diseases. However, the majority of SDHIs exhibit limited efficacy against Fusarium head blight and crown rot in wheat. Enprocymid is a novel SDHI fungicide co-developed by Central China Normal University and Jiangsu Zhongqi Technology Co., Ltd. It is characterized by high fungicidal activity, a broad spectrum action, and low environmental and ecological risks. This study systematically investigated the potential of enprocymid via enzyme kinetic studies, molecular dynamics simulations, and evaluation of fungicidal effects both in the laboratory and in the field. The results indicated that enprocymid was a substrate-competitive SDH inhibitor with Ki of (14.86 ± 0.80) nmol/L against yeast SDH. For mycelium growth inhibition, the EC50 values of enprocymid against F. graminearum and F. pseudograminearum were 0.014 μg/mL and 0.064 μg/mL, respectively, comparable to metconazole (0.011 μg/mL and 0.026 μg/mL) and significantly superior to prothioconazole (1.795 μg/mL and 0.203 μg/mL). Enprocymid exhibited significant synergistic effects against F. pseudograminearum in combination with metconazole, with a co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) ranging from 212.26 to 757.14. The most notable synergistic effect was observed in the mixture of enprocymid and prothioconazole at a 1∶5 ratio against both F. graminearum and F. pseudograminearum, with CTC values of 290.60 and 251.45, respectively. Field trials showed that 150 g/hm2 and 180 g/hm2 of enprocymid provided an average control efficacy of 85.79% and 91.95% against wheat Fusarium head blight, and significantly reduced the toxin levels. This efficacy was comparable to that of pydiflumetofen at 150 g/hm2 (86.73%) and significantly superior to that of prothioconazole at 180 g/hm2 (82.47%). This study provides important insights into the development of enprocymid compound formulations and their field application.

       

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