纳米载体递送5种杀虫剂对苹果黄蚜活性及异色瓢虫安全性的影响

    Effects of five insecticides delivered by nanocarriers on the activity of Aphis citricola and the safety of Harmonia axyridis

    • 摘要: 为明确星型阳离子聚合物 (SPc) 纳米载体递送5种杀虫剂 (阿维菌素、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、氟啶虫胺腈、苦参碱) 对苹果黄蚜的防治活性及对天敌昆虫异色瓢虫的影响,采用浸叶法测定了SPc递送5种杀虫剂对苹果黄蚜的室内活性,并开展了防治苹果黄蚜的田间药效试验。采用浸渍法和点滴法,分别测定了SPc递送5种杀虫剂对异色瓢虫卵孵化及幼虫存活率的影响。室内测定表明:采用SPc递送后,5种杀虫剂对苹果黄蚜的LC50值分别比原商品制剂降低了29.05%~48.30%,表明SPc递送可改善5种杀虫剂的杀虫活性;同时,SPc递送5种杀虫剂对异色瓢虫卵孵化无显著影响,尽管对异色瓢虫幼虫的致死率略有提高,但与原商品制剂差异亦不显著。田间试验表明:采用SPc递送5种杀虫剂,药后3 d对苹果黄蚜的田间防效比原商品制剂提高了0.68%~7.57%,表明SPc递送可提高杀虫剂的速效性;药后14 d,SPc递送5种杀虫剂高剂量处理组防效比原商品制剂提高了3.95%~6.96%,表明SPc递送还可提高杀虫剂的持效性。研究表明:采用SPc纳米载体递送5种杀虫剂能够增强其对苹果黄蚜的活性,提高田间防效,并且对天敌异色瓢虫无明显影响。

       

      Abstract: To clarify the insecticidal activity, field efficacy, and impact of five insecticides (avermectin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, sulfoxaflor, and matrine) delivered by a star polycation (SPc) on Aphis citricola, and its impact on Harmonia axyridis, indoor bioassays using the leaf soaking method were conducted to assess the insecticidal activity of SPc-delivered insecticides against A. citricola and field efficacy trials were also performed to study the control of A. citricola. The effects of SPc-delivered insecticides on the hatching of H. axyridis eggs were evaluated using an immersion method, and the impact on the survival rate of H. axyridis larvae was determined via the topical application method. Bioassay results revealed that after using SPc delivery, the LC50 values of the five insecticides against A. citricola were reduced by 29.05% to 48.30% compared to the original commercial formulations, indicating that SPc improved the insecticidal activity of the five insecticides. SPc-delivered insecticides showed no significant impact on the egg-hatching rate of H. axyridis, although they increased the mortality rate of H. axyridis larvae. However, compared with the original commercial formulations, the differences were negligible. Field trials demonstrated that when the five insecticides were delivered using SPc, the field efficacy against A. citricola increased by 0.68% to 7.57% compared to the original commercial formulations after 3 days of treatment, indicating that SPc delivery can improve the rapid efficacy of insecticides. After 14 days of treatment, the high-dose treatment of the five insecticides delivered by SPc showed a 3.95% to 6.96% increase in efficacy compared to the original commercial formulations, indicating that SPc delivery can also significantly improve the persistence of insecticides. The research suggests that SPc-delivered insecticides can significantly enhance their activity against A. citricola, and improve field efficacy without notably affecting H. axyridis.

       

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