三种三唑类杀菌剂对莓茶叶斑病菌的活性及室内防效

    Biological activity and indoor control efficacy of three triazole fungicides against Diaporthe eres

    • 摘要: 由甜樱间座壳菌 (Diaporthe eres) 引起的叶斑病是莓茶生产中的主要病害之一,严重降低了莓茶的品质和产量,但目前尚无相关药剂登记用于莓茶叶斑病的防治。本研究采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇及氟硅唑3种三唑类杀菌剂对莓茶叶斑病菌的生物活性,观察了3种药剂处理对菌丝生长、菌丝形态结构及细胞膜通透性的影响,并采用离体接种法测定了3种杀菌剂对莓茶叶斑病的室内防治效果。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇及氟硅唑对莓茶叶斑病菌的抑制活性均较高,平均EC50值分别为(0.17 ± 0.04)、(0.37 ± 0.12) 和 (0.14 ± 0.08) mg/L;3种杀菌剂均能导致莓茶叶斑病菌菌丝畸形,增大病原菌细胞膜的通透性,导致细胞内部电解质外渗,但对孢子萌发无明显影响;此外,3种三唑类杀菌剂在室内对莓茶叶斑病均具有优异的保护作用防效,在0.50 mg/L剂量下,苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇及氟硅唑的防效分别为97.0%、88.0% 和91.7%。研究表明,3种三唑类杀菌剂对莓茶叶斑病菌均具有较高的生物活性,能够有效遏制菌丝生长及病害侵染,结果可为莓茶叶斑病的科学防控提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Moyeam leaf spot caused by Diaporthe eres is an important fungal disease during the growth of vine tea, which significantly reduced the yield and quality of Moyeam. However, no fungicide was registered to control Moyeam leaf spot. In this study, the mycelial growth rate method was employed to determine the bioactivity of three triazole fungicides (difenoconazole, tebuconazole, and flusilazole) against D. eres. The study investigated the effects of the three fungicides on mycelial growth, hyphal morphology, and cell membrane permeability. Additionally, in vitro inoculation assays were conducted to evaluate their control efficacy against Moyeam leaf spot. The results showed that the three fungicides exhibited excellent antifungal activity, with the average EC50 values of (0.17 ± 0.04), (0.37 ± 0.12), and (0.14 ± 0.08) mg/L, respectively. These fungicides were able to cause hyphal deformities of the D. eres, increase the permeability of the D. eres cell membrane, and cause electrolyte leakage inside the cell, but had no significant effect on the conidium germination rate. In addition, the three fungicides demonstrate exceptional efficacy in controlling D. eres under indoor conditions. At the concentration of 0.50 mg/L, difenoconazole, tebuconazole and flusilazole exhibited protective efficacy of 97.0%, 88.0% and 91.7% against D. eres under controlled conditions, respectively. The study demonstrates that these three triazole fungicides exhibit substantial bioactivity against D. eres, effectively inhibiting mycelial growth and disease infection. These results provide valuable references for the scientific control of Moyeam leaf spot.

       

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