Abstract: Under the strategic background of the transformation of national farming system and the reconstruction of crop rotation system, the persistent residues of long-residual herbicides in soil and their potential risks to subsequent cropping systems have become the key scientific issues restricting the sustainable development of modern agriculture. This paper, focused on the residual behavior of long-residual herbicides in soil and the risk of damage to subsequent crops, integrated the authoritative databases and the latest research results at home and abroad in the past 30 years, and sorted out the residual behavior of typical long-residual herbicides in soil and their key influencing factors. Based on the results of the literatures and using correlation analysis, the influence of key environmental factors, such as temperature, pH value, organic matter content of soil and other key environmental factors on the half-life of long-residual herbicides were clarified. The research progress on the risk and mechanism of damage of different classes of long-residual herbicides on subsequent crops was systematically summarized. The purpose is to provide reference for the scientific use of long-residual herbicides and the systematic assessment and the precise prevention and control of the damage risk of them, so as to help the sustainable development of modern agriculture.