Abstract: Traditional aphid control agents have been instrumental in managing aphid populations and safeguarding crop yields. However, their long-term and improper use has led to increasingly severe resistance and growing difficulty in pest control. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and develop new aphid control agents that are not only effective and safe but also environmentally benign. Composed of two isoprene units, monoterpenoids have a wide range of biological activities. Among them, some monoterpenoids are important intermediates of (E)-β-farnesene (EβF, the main aphid alarm pheromone component), suggesting their great significance in aphid control. In recent years, monoterpenes have garnered substantial research interest due to their broad-spectrum, high activity, and endowing potential of “Push-Pull”. This review summarizes the classification, aphicidal activity, toxicity against natural enemies, and current application of available monoterpenoids. It also presents an outlook on the future development trends of monoterpenoids, providing a reference for the research, development, and application of monoterpenoids as aphid control agents.