Abstract: Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (TSPEOs) are the second most widely used nonionic surfactant-based pesticide adjuvants following alkylphenol ethoxylates. Studies have shown that TSPEOs pose certain risks to some non-target organisms such as rats, dogs, and zebrafish, raising extensive public concern at home and abroad. This paper systematically reviewed the physicochemical properties and toxicological effects of TSPEOs, with a particular focus on the recent advances in research regarding their residues, analytical methods, and degradation behaviours in food and the environment. The review aims to provide an scientific basis for food quality and safety supervision, risk assessment of pesticide adjuvants, and the development of usage standards.