Abstract: Excessive pesticide residues pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. Existing methods for pesticide residue detection, such as gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, suffer from drawbacks including expensive instruments, complex operations, and long detection times. Therefore, the development of new and efficient pesticide residue detection methods is urgently needed. UiO-66 is a metal-organic framework material with high specific surface area, tunable pore structure, and excellent chemical and thermal stability, exhibiting great potential in pesticide detection. This article reviews the research progress of UiO-66 in pesticide residue detection, covering aspects such as the design and synthesis of UiO-66 and its derived materials, their application in sample pretreatment, and the development of UiO-66-based direct detection methods. It further compares the performance of different sensing strategies, discusses the existing problems in the field, and outlines future research directions and prospects.