复配芽孢杆菌与化学药剂联合使用对马铃薯疮痂病的防治效果

    The control of potato common scab with compound Bacillus formulations and synthesized fungicide

    • 摘要: 马铃薯疮痂病(potato common scab)是由链霉菌(Streptomyces spp.)引起的土传兼种传细菌性病害,给马铃薯产业带来巨大的经济损失。为了筛选出防治马铃薯疮痂病的菌药组合,本研究将5株芽孢杆菌复配,筛选出对3种疮痂链霉菌的最优拮抗菌株组合BEV2 + FM2-4,并通过萝卜幼苗试验验证了其对普通疮痂链霉菌(S. scabies)SCA3有明显的拮抗作用。采用平板菌落计数法测定了3种化学药剂(2.5%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂(FS)、50%氟啶胺悬浮剂(SC)和20%溴硝醇可溶液剂(SL))对疮痂链霉菌的抑制作用,结果表明,50%氟啶胺SC对疮痂链霉菌的抑菌效果最好,其EC50值为0.442 μg/mL;其次是20%溴硝醇SL,EC50值为0.536 μg/mL;2.5%咯菌腈FS的EC50值为2.916 μg/mL。测定了3种化学药剂及其分别与复配芽孢杆菌BEV2 + FM2-4联合使用对马铃薯疮痂病的田间防效,结果表明,2.5%咯菌腈FS + BEV2 + FM2-4的防效(72.57%)最好;3种化学药剂单用时,50%氟啶胺SC对马铃薯疮痂病的防治效果(66.50%)最好; BEV2 + FM2-4对马铃薯疮痂病的防治效果为70.17%,明显优于对照药剂解淀粉芽孢杆菌QST713(56.77%)。本研究发现的菌药联合使用防治马铃薯疮痂病的方法,可为今后生产实践中马铃薯疮痂病的防治提供有效的技术支持。

       

      Abstract: Potato common scab is a soil- and seed-borne disease caused by Streptomyces spp., resulting in significant economic losses to the potato industry. To identify an effective combination of Bacillus strains and fungicide for controlling potato common scab, five Bacillus strains were tested in various combinations to screen the optimal antagonistic consortium against three Streptomyces species. The combination of BEV2 + FM2-4 was identified as the most effective. Furthermore, the radish seedling assay confirmed that this Bacillus consortium exhibited significant antagonistic effect on S. scabies. The plate count method was used to determine the inhibitory activity of three synthesized fungicides (2.5% fludioxonil FS, 50% fluazinam SC, and 20% bronopol SL) against Streptomyces spp. The results showed that 50% fluazinam SC had the best inhibitory effect on S. scabies, with an EC50 of 0.442 μg/mL, followed by 20% bronopol SL with an EC50 of 0.536 μg/mL, and 2.5% fludioxonil FS with an EC50 of 2.916 μg/mL. The control efficacy of 2.5% fludioxonil FS, 50% fluazinam SC, and 20% bronopol, and their combinations with Bacillus BEV2 + FM2-4 against potato common scab was determined in the field. The results showed that 2.5% fludioxonil FS + Bacillus BEV2 + FM2-4 has the best control efficacy against potato common scab (72.57%). Among the three chemicals, 50% fluazinam SC had the best control efficacy (66.50%). The control efficacy of Bacillus BEV2 + FM2-4 alone on potato common scab was 70.17%, which is much higher than the control agent B. amyloliquefaciens QST713 (56.77%). The integrated approach of combining microbial agents with chemical fungicides identified in this study offers an effective technical strategy for managing potato common scab in future agricultural practice.

       

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