不同土壤处理除草剂混配对大豆-玉米间作田杂草的防效及安全性评价

    Evaluation of weed control efficacy and safety in soybean-maize intercropping fields with different pre-emergent herbicide combinations

    • 摘要: 为探究不同土壤处理除草剂混配对大豆-玉米间作田杂草的防效及作物安全性,通过室内盆栽试验和田间药效试验对砜吡草唑 + 嗪草酮/噻吩磺隆/丙炔氟草胺/唑嘧磺草胺和精异丙甲草胺 + 噻吩磺隆/丙炔氟草胺/唑嘧磺草胺7种混配组合进行筛选。盆栽试验结果显示,这7种混配剂对大豆和玉米的出苗及生长无明显抑制作用,且未产生不可逆性药害。田间试验结果表明,药后20 d,7种混配剂处理对大豆、玉米均无药害发生;药后50 d,40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂(SC) + 480 g/L嗪草酮SC (180.00 + 432.00 g a.i./hm2)、40%砜吡草唑SC + 80%唑嘧磺草胺水分散粒剂(WG) (180.00 + 60.00 g a.i./hm2)和960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油(EC) + 80%唑嘧磺草胺WG(1296.00 + 60.00 g a.i./hm2)对杂草的总株防效仍保持在82.21%~89.28%,总鲜重防效保持在89.42%~91.11%,这3种混配剂组合对杂草的整体控制效果优于其他处理组,可用于大豆-玉米复合种植区的苗前封闭除草,适用于禾本科杂草、阔叶类杂草和莎草科杂草混合发生的田块。各除草剂处理均增加了大豆和玉米的产量,分别比对照组增产11.23%~22.91%和10.41%~20.25%。

       

      Abstract: To explore the weed control efficacy and crop safety of different pre-emergent herbicide combinations in soybean and maize intercropping fields, seven herbicide mixture combinations were screened through pot experiments and field efficacy trials. The combinations include pyroxasulfone + metribuzin/ thifensulfuron-methyl/ flumioxazin/ flumetsulam/ and S-metolachlor + thifensulfuron-methyl/ flumioxazin/ flumetsulam. The results of the pot experiment showed that the seven herbicide combinations exhibited no significant inhibitory effects on the emergence or growth of soybean and maize, nor did they cause irreversible phytotoxicity. Field trials showed that at 20 days after herbicide application, no herbicide injury was observed in soybeans or maize. By 50 days, the combinations of 40% pyroxasulfone SC + 480 g/L metribuzin SC (180 + 432 g a.i./hm2), 40% pyroxasulfone SC + 80% flumetsulam WG (180 + 60 g a.i./hm2), and 960 g/L S-metolachlor EC + 80% flumetsulam WG (1296 + 60 g a.i./hm2) provided 82.21%-89.28% control based on the total weed counts and 89.42%-91.11% control based on the total fresh weight. The overall control efficacy of these three combinations on weeds is better than that of other treatment groups. They are recommended for pre-emergence weed control in soybean and maize intercropping systems, particularly in fields infested with a mixture of gramineous weeds, broad-leaved weeds, and sedge weeds. Compared to control, all herbicide treatments increased the yield of soybean and maize by 11.23%-22.91% and 10.41%-20.25%, respectively.

       

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