Abstract: The management of agricultural soil pollution and the efficient utilization of straw resources are two major challenges in the field of agricultural environment. In this study, the QuEChERS pretreatment method combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to investigate the effects of different maize straw additions (1%, 2.5%, 5%, W/W) on the degradation and adsorption characteristics of atrazine, chlorantraniliprole, tebuconazole, and fomesafen in black soil, loam, and sandy soil. The results showed that the addition of straw significantly enhanced the soil's adsorption capacity for pesticides (the adsorption coefficient (K_f), increasing by 6.6% to 130.7%), and the degradation rate of the four pesticides was positively correlated with the straw application rates. At the 5% straw addition level, the dissipation half-lives were the shortest, showing a reduction of 26% to 66% compared to the control. High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the changes in the soil micro-ecosystem, and the results revealed that straw amendment enhances pesticide degradation by enriching functional microbial communities, such as Proteobacteria and Ascomycota. The findings provide theoretical insights for the synergistic advancement of pesticide pollution remediation in agricultural soil and the resource utilization of straw.