Abstract: To assess the current status of insecticide resistance in field populations of Myzus persicae in China, we measured the resistance levels of six field populations collected from different provinces in 2024 to six commonly used insecticides (imidacloprid, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, flonicamid, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyantraniliprole) by the leaf-dip method. The results showed that all six populations exhibited varying degrees of resistance to the tested insecticides. Resistance to imidacloprid was the lowest; with the exception of the Pingxiang (Jiangxi) population, which developed 11.0-fold resistance ratio, the other five populations remained susceptible. In contrast, all populations except the Xinxiang population evolved low to moderate levels of resistance to sulfoxaflor (7.1-60.7-fold). Several populations exhibited moderate levels of resistance to flupyradifurone and flonicamid, with maximum resistance ratios of 24.6-fold and 24.0-fold, respectively. All populations were resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin, with resistance ratios ranging from 12.6- to 144.2-fold, and the Ningde (Fujian) population exhibited the highest resistance level (144.2-fold). Regarding cyantraniliprole, the populations from Xishuangbanna (Yunnan), Qingdao (Shandong), Pingxiang (Jiangxi), and Ningde (Fujian) developed low to moderate resistance. Target-site mutation analysis revealed that all six M. persicae populations carried the heterozygous M918L mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel, with a mutation frequency of 50.00%. Five of the six populations harbored the R81T mutation in β1 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which is associated with resistance to neonicotinoids, with the highest resistance allele frequency reaching 31.25%. These results demonstrate that field populations of M. persicae in China have developed varying levels of resistance to commonly used insecticides, accompanied by the widespread prevalence of resistance-associated mutations. This study provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of M. persicae in China.