Abstract: Focused on the three principal elements, toxicological data, residual chemistry data, and dietary consumption data during the construction of Chinese framework of dietary exposure assessment of pesticide residues in food, the following issues, namely the subjective goal and objective requirement of the exposure assessment for residue limits elaboration and pesticide residue related safety judgment of agro-products, understanding of the assessment models and their application during the process of residue limit elaboration and implementation, estimation of result uncertainty, variability and setting the appropriate level of protection, and enhancing the scientific nature of the dietary exposure assessment and raising the quality of the standards of residue limits in various scenario of the assessment process were analyzed. Aimed at overcoming the weakness of the current practice, measurements to refine the Chinese dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in food were suggested.