Abstract: Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) could be used for the separation and enrichment of trace target small molecular compounds such as pesticides in complicated samples with high specificity. The review is on the principle of IAC, the developmental procedure of IAC(including the preparation of antibody, the selection of matrix, the coupling of antibody to matrix, and the optimization of IAC condition), the application of IAC in pesticide residue analysis and the trend of this technology.