枯草芽孢杆菌B1514可湿性粉剂对小麦纹枯病的防效及对土壤微生物区系和小麦产量的影响

金京京; 齐永志; 甄文超

doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2016.0084

枯草芽孢杆菌B1514可湿性粉剂对小麦纹枯病的防效及对土壤微生物区系和小麦产量的影响

Effects of Bacillus subtilis B1514 wettable powder on the control effects of wheat sharp eyespot, the soil microflora communities and the yield of wheat

摘要

摘要: 为明确枯草芽孢杆菌B1514可湿性粉剂（WP）在小麦纹枯病防治中的应用前景，于2014-2015年在中国河北省文安县、献县、枣强县及辛集市4个实验站进行了田间试验，研究了B1514 WP对小麦纹枯病的防效，采用失重法测定了其对玉米秸秆腐解效果的影响，利用稀释平板法研究了其对土壤微生物区系的影响，并测定了该菌剂对小麦生长及产量的影响。结果表明：越冬期至拔节期，B1514 WP对小麦纹枯病的防效均显著高于B1514片剂，但明显低于戊唑醇湿拌种剂（WS）；成熟期，辛集、献县和枣强试验点B1514 WP处理组平均防效为64.0%，与戊唑醇WS处理差异不显著，比B1514片剂处理组高7.2%，差异达显著水平，而文安试验点B1514 WP处理组防效为65.2%，与B1514片剂差异不显著，但显著低于戊唑醇WS处理组。在成熟期，B1514 WP对玉米秸秆的累积腐解率为64.2%，较空白对照提高38.6%，但与B1514片剂和秸秆腐解剂处理差异不显著。此外，B1514 WP处理显著提高了土壤中可培养细菌数量（92.8%），降低了真菌数量（48.4%），但对放线菌数量无显著影响。采用B1514 WP拌种后，小麦株高和分蘖数分别比空白对照提高8%和12%；4个试验点小麦平均产量为7 545 kg/hm2，分别比B1514片剂、戊唑醇WS、秸秆腐解剂处理和空白对照提高6.8%、5.5%、9.3%和10.9%。研究表明，B1514 WP对小麦纹枯病具有很好的防效，并能加速秸秆腐解，增加土壤中细菌数量、降低真菌数量，促进小麦生长并增产。

Abstract: In order to evaluate the application prospects of Bacillus subtilis B1514 wettable powder (WP) in the control of wheat sharp eyespot, field experiments were conducted in Wen'an, Xianxian, Zaoqiang, Xinji in Hebei province of China from 2014 to 2015. The control effects of B1514 WP on wheat sharp eyespot were investigated. The decomposition effects of B1514 WP on corn stalk were determined by weight loss method. The effects of B1514 WP on soil microflora communities were studied by dilution plate method. The effects on the growth and yield of wheat were also evaluated. The results showed that, from overwintering stage to jointing stage, the control effect of B1514 WP was significantly higher than that of B1514 tablet, but lower than that of tebuconazole wet seed dressing agents (WS). At maturity stage, the average control effect of B1514 WP detected in Xinji, Zaoqiang and Xianxian stations was 64.0%, with no difference with that of tebuconazole WS, and it was 7.2% higher than that of B1514 tablet. The control effect in Wen'an station was 65.2%, with no difference with that of B1514 tablet, but the control effect was significantly lower than that of tebuconazole WS. At maturity stage, the accumulative degradability rate of B1514 WP on corn stalks was 64.2%, which is 38.6% higher than that of the control group, albeit no difference with that of B1514 tablet and straw decomposition agent. After treated by B1514 WP, the number of cultivate bacteria was increased by 92.8%, and the number of fungi was decreased by 48.4%, while the number of actinomyces did not change. The wheat plant height and the number of tillering were increased by 8% and by 12% compared with those of control, respectively. The average yield in four stations was 7 545 kg/hm2 and was 6.8%, 5.5%, 9.3% and 10.9% significantly higher than those treated with B1514 tablet, tebuconazole WS, decomposition agent and the control group, respectively. This study demonstrates that B1514 WP has good prevention effect on Wheat Sheath Blight, and can accelerate straw decomposition, increase the number of bacteria in soil, reduce the number of fungi, and promote the wheat growth and the yield.

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