Abstract: The excessive pesticide residues have become important issues influencing the quality and safety of agricultural products. Thus, it is urgent to develop a sensitive, accurate, reliable, convenient and widely applicable method for the determination of pesticide residues. Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) is a type of rapid detection technology that combines the specific immune response of antigen and antibody and chromatography separation technology. ICA technology based on colloidal gold is well accepted for its convenience, low cost and visualization. In recent years, with the development of nanometer materials such as quantum dots (QDs), time-resolved fluorescence microspheres and upconversion nanoparticles, ICA has been extensively developed. The ICAs labeled by different nanoparticles and their recent application in pesticide residues detection were reviewed in label types (non-covalent and covalent labeling) and label materials (colloidal gold, nanocarbon, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, time-resolved fluorescence microspheres and latex microspheres). This review will helpful for future research in the field of immunochromatography for pesticide residue.