农药残留检测中不同蔬菜的基质效应

张圆圆; 刘磊; 李娜; 李辉; 卢娜; 郭永泽; 张玉婷

doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2019.0040

农药残留检测中不同蔬菜的基质效应

doi: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2019.0040

天津市农业质量标准与检测技术研究所，农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室 (天津)，天津 300381

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划 (2016YFD080100703)；天津市蔬菜产业体系创新团队 (ITTVRS2017021)；天津市重点研发计划项目 (17YFXTZC00040)

详细信息

作者简介:
张圆圆，女，硕士，研究实习员，研究方向为农产品质量安全，E-mail：zyyzyyok@163.com

通讯作者:
张玉婷，通信作者 (Author for correspondence)，女，学士，研究员，主要从事农产品质量安全研究，E-mail：yutingtj@163.com

中图分类号: S481.8；TQ450.263
计量
- 文章访问数: 1484
- HTML全文浏览量: 256
- PDF下载量: 138
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-15
- 录用日期: 2019-03-13
- 刊出日期: 2019-06-01

Matrix effects in pesticide residue analysis in various vegetable samples

Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aro-products(Tianjin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300381, China

摘要

摘要: 基于QuEChERS前处理方法，在气相色谱-串联质谱 (GC-MS/MS) 和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (UPLC-MS/MS) 检测条件下，考察了200种农药在17种蔬菜基质中的基质效应，通过基质效应分析找到了合适的代表性基质用作配制检测过程中的基质匹配标准溶液。结果表明：由于基质干扰成分及农药性质的差异，导致不同蔬菜及农药品种之间的基质效应差异。在GC-MS/MS检测中，供试的150种农药中绝大部分表现为基质增强效应，其中葱、姜和大蒜表现为很强的基质效应，萝卜的基质效应较弱；菠菜、芹菜、豇豆和生菜4种蔬菜对其他蔬菜品种能够起到很好的基质校正效果，可作为代表性基质在日常检测中用于其他蔬菜基质的定量分析。在UPLC-MS/MS检测中，供试的105种农药中大部分表现为基质抑制效应，其中姜、大蒜、葱、芹菜、韭菜和菠菜的基质效应较强，西葫芦的基质效应弱；黄瓜、普通白菜、番茄和生菜4种蔬菜能较好地校正其他蔬菜的基质效应，但与GC-MS/MS相比校正能力稍弱。本研究结果认为代表性蔬菜基质可用于降低基质效应对检测结果的干扰。
- 蔬菜 /
- 农药残留 /
- 基质效应 /
- 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱 /
- 气相色谱-串联质谱
Abstract: In this paper, the matrix effects on the residue analysis of 200 pesticides under gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) conditions were investigated. 17 different vegetable matrices based on the QuEChERS preparation were studied. The study is aimed to find the typical vegetables as blank matrices to compensate the matrix effects in pesticide residue analysis. The results showed that differences in matrix interferences and pesticides characteristics lead to varied matrix effects in and between GC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS analysis. In GC-MS/MS analysis, the majority of the 150 pesticides exhibited matrix enhancement effects. The matrix effects of green onion, ginger and garlic were strong. Radish exhibited weak matrix effect. The matrix effects of the majority of vegetables could be well compensated by spinach, celery, cowpea and lettuce, and these four typical vegetables can be used in daily analysis as blank matrices. In the UPLC-MS/MS analysis, most of the 105 pesticides exhibited matrix depression effects. Garlic, ginger, green onion, leek, celery and spinach exhibited strong matrix effects and zucchini exhibited weak matrix effect. The matrix effects of different vegetables could be compensated by the four typical vegetables, including cucumber, Chinese cabbage, tomato and lettuce. However the compensation effects were less effective than that in the GC-MS/MS analysis. The results in this study have provided typical vegetables as blank matrices for reducing the matrix effects to obtain accurate results.
- vegetable /
- pesticide residues /
- matrix effects /
- ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass sepctrometry /
- gas chromatography-tandem mass sepctrometry

HTML全文

图 1 150种农药在17种蔬菜基质中的基质效应 (GC-MS/MS)

Figure 1. Matrix effect of 150 pesticides in 17 vegetables(GC-MS/MS)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 150种农药在17种蔬菜中的弱、中等和强基质效应数目 (GC-MS/MS)

Figure 2. Number of pesticides with weak, medium and strong matrix effects in 17 vegetables(GC-MS/MS)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 105种农药在17种蔬菜中的基质效应 (UPLC-MS/MS)

Figure 3. Matrix Effect of 105 Pesticides in 17 vegetables(UPLC-MS/MS)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 105种农药在17种蔬菜中的弱、中等和强基质效应数目 (UPLC-MS/MS)

Figure 4. Number of pesticides with weak, medium and strong matrix effects in 17 vegetables(UPLC-MS/MS)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 GC-MS/MS检测中代表性蔬菜作为定量基质时150种供试农药在不同蔬菜品种中的基质效应分布情况

A. 生菜；B.芹菜；C. 豇豆；D. 菠菜。

Figure 5. Matrix effects of different vegetables using typical vegetable as blank matrix(GC-MS/MS)

A.Lettuce; B. Celery; C. Cowpea; D. Spinach.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 UPLC-MS/MS检测中代表性蔬菜作为定量基质时105种供试农药在不同蔬菜品种的基质效应分布情况

A. 生菜；B.黄瓜；C. 普通白菜；D. 番茄。

Figure 6. Matrix effects of different vegetables using typical vegetable as blank matrix (UPLC-MS/MS)

A. Lettuce; B. Cucumber; C. Chinese cabbage; D. Tomato.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 供试200种农药及其检测仪器

Table 1. 200 pesticides and the equipment for their detection

序号 No.	农药 Pesticide	仪器^* Equipment	序号 No.	农药 Pesticide	仪器^* Equipment
1	乙酰甲胺磷 acephate	LC	101	异稻瘟净 iprobenfos	GC
2	乙草胺 acetochlor	LC + GC	102	异菌脲 iprodione	LC + GC
3	氟丙菊酯 acrinathrin	GC	103	氯唑磷 isazofos	LC + GC
4	甲草胺 alachlor	LC + GC	104	水胺硫磷 isocarbophos	GC
5	艾氏剂 aldrin	GC	105	异柳磷 isofenphos	GC
6	莠灭净 ametryn	LC	106	氧异柳磷 isofenphos oxon	GC
7	苯胺 aniline	GC	107	甲基异柳磷 isofenphos-methyl	GC
8	阿特拉通 atraton	GC	108	稻瘟灵 isoprothiolane	GC
9	莠去津 atrazine	LC + GC	109	异唑磷 isoxathion	LC
10	脱乙基莠去津 atrazine-desethyl	LC	110	醚菌酯 kresoxim-methyl	GC
11	益棉磷 azinphos-ethyl	LC	111	马拉硫磷 malathion	LC
12	嘧菌酯 azoxystrobin	LC + GC	112	灭蚜磷 mecarbam	GC
13	氟丁酰草胺 beflubutamid	GC	113	苯噻草胺 mefenacet	LC + GC
14	苯霜灵 benalaxyl	LC + GC	114	甲霜灵 metalaxyl	LC + GC
15	氟草胺 benfluralin	GC	115	虫螨畏 methacrifos	GC
16	α-六六六 α-HCH	GC	116	甲胺磷 methamidophos	LC
17	β-六六六 β-HCH	GC	117	杀扑磷 methidathion	LC
18	δ-六六六 δ-HCH	GC	118	烯虫酯 methoprene	GC
19	联苯菊酯 bifenthrin	LC + GC	119	盖草津 methoprotryne	GC
20	联苯菊酯 biphenyl	GC	120	异丙甲草胺 metolachlor	LC + GC
21	联苯三唑醇 bitertanol	LC	121	速灭磷 mevinphos	GC
22	啶酰菌胺 boscalid	GC	122	草达灭 molinate	LC + GC
23	除草定 bromacil	LC	123	久效磷 monocrotophos	LC
24	溴硫磷 bromophos-ethyl	GC	124	腈菌唑 myclobutanil	LC
25	溴螨酯 bromopropylate	GC	125	敌草胺 napropamide	LC + GC
26	乙嘧酚磺酸酯 bupirimate	GC	126	除草醚 nitrofen	GC
27	丁草胺 butachlor	LC + GC	127	三氯杀螨醇 dicofol	GC
28	克百威 carbofuran	LC + GC	128	氧乐果 omethoate	LC
29	萎锈灵 carboxin	LC	129	草灵 oxadiazon	GC
30	反式氯丹 trans-chlordane	GC	130	霜灵 oxadixyl	LC + GC
31	杀虫脒 chlordimeform	GC	131	乙氧氟草醚 oxyfluorfen	GC
32	杀螨酯 chlorfenson	GC	132	多效唑 paclobutrazol	LC + GC
33	毒虫畏 chlorfenvinphos	LC	133	对氧磷 paraoxon	LC
34	乙酯杀螨醇 chlorobenzilate	GC	134	对硫磷 parathion	LC
35	地茂散 chloroneb	GC	135	甲基对硫磷 parathion-methyl	LC
36	氯苯胺灵 chlorpropham	GC	136	戊菌唑 penconazole	LC
37	毒死蜱 chlorpyrifos	LC + GC	137	二甲戊灵 pendimethalin	LC + GC
38	甲基毒死蜱 chlorpyrifos-methyl	LC + GC	138	五氯苯胺 pentachloroaniline	GC
39	异草酮 clomazone	LC + GC	139	五氯硝基苯 pentachloronitrobenzene	GC
40	蝇毒磷 coumaphos	LC	140	氯菊酯 permethrin	LC + GC
41	环草敌 cycloate	GC	141	苯醚菊酯 phenothrin	GC
42	氟环菌胺 cyflufenamid	GC	142	甲拌磷 phorate	LC
43	氟氯氰菊酯 cyfluthrin	GC	143	甲拌磷砜 phorate sulfone	LC + GC
44	高效氯氟氰菊酯 lambda-cyhalothrin	GC	144	甲拌磷亚砜 phorate sulfoxide	LC + GC
45	环唑醇 cyproconazole	GC	145	伏杀硫磷 phosalone	LC
46	嘧菌环胺 cyprodinil	GC	146	亚胺硫磷 phosmet	LC
47	o, p′-滴滴滴 o, p′-DDD	GC	147	磷胺 Ⅰphosphamidon Ⅰ	GC
48	p, p′-滴滴滴 p, p′-DDD	GC	148	磷胺 Ⅱphosphamidon Ⅱ	GC
49	o, p′-滴滴伊 o, p′-DDE	GC	149	增效醚 piperonyl butoxide	GC
50	p, p′-滴滴伊 p, p′-DDE	GC	150	哌草磷 piperophos	GC
51	溴氰菊酯 deltamethrin	LC + GC	151	抗蚜威 pirimicarb	LC + GC
52	二嗪磷 diazinon	LC + GC	152	乙基虫螨磷 pirimiphos-ethyl	LC + GC
53	除线磷 dichlofenthion	GC	153	甲基虫螨磷 pirimiphos-methyl	LC + GC
54	敌草腈 dichlorobenzonitrile	GC	154	丙草胺 pretilachlor	GC
55	敌敌畏 dichlorvos	GC	155	咪鲜胺 prochloraz	LC
56	禾草灵 diclofop-methyl	GC	156	丙溴磷 profenofos	LC
57	百治磷 dicrotophos	LC	157	扑草净 prometryn	LC + GC
58	狄氏剂 dieldrin	GC	158	拿草特 pronamide	GC
59	乙霉威 diethofencarb	GC	159	克螨特 propargite	LC
60	苯醚甲环唑 difenoconazole	LC + GC	160	扑草津 propazine	LC + GC
61	哌草丹 dimepiperate	GC	161	胺丙威 propetamphos	GC
62	乐果 dimethoate	LC	162	丙环唑 propiconazole	LC + GC
63	烯酰吗啉 dimethomorph	LC + GC	163	异丙草胺 propisochlor	GC
64	烯唑醇 diniconazole	LC + GC	164	残杀威 propoxur	LC + GC
65	二苯胺 diphenylamine	GC	165	戊炔草胺 propyzamide	LC
66	异丙净 dipropetryn	GC	166	丙硫磷 prothiofos	LC + GC
67	灭菌磷 ditalimfos	GC	167	吡唑硫磷 pyraclofos	LC
68	硫丹 endosulfan ii	GC	168	吡菌磷 pyrazophos	LC
69	异狄氏剂 endrin	GC	169	哒螨灵 pyridaben	GC
70	氟环唑 epoxiconazole	GC	170	哒嗪硫磷 pyridaphenthion	LC
71	乙丁烯氟灵 ethalfluralin	GC	171	嘧霉胺 pyrimethanil	LC + GC
72	硫草敌 ethiolate	GC	172	吡丙醚 pyriproxyfen	GC
73	乙硫磷 ethion	LC	173	喹硫磷 quinalphos	LC + GC
74	乙氧呋草黄 ethofumesate	GC	174	喹氧灵 quinoxyfen	LC
75	灭线磷 ethoprophos	LC + GC	175	八甲磷 schradan	GC
76	土菌灵 etridiazole	GC	176	西玛津 simazine	GC
77	乙嘧硫磷 etrimfos	LC + GC	177	螺螨酯 spirodiclofen	LC
78	唑菌酮 famoxadone	LC + GC	178	治螟磷 sulfotep	LC + GC
79	克线磷 fenamiphos	LC	179	刘丙磷 sulprofos	LC
80	氯苯嘧啶醇 fenarimol	LC + GC	180	戊唑醇 tebuconazole	LC
81	腈苯唑 fenbuconazole	LC + GC	181	吡螨胺 tebufenpyrad	LC
82	杀螟硫磷 fenitrothion	LC	182	丁嘧硫磷 tebupirimfos	GC
83	仲丁威 fenobucarb	LC + GC	183	四氯硝基苯 tecnazene	GC
84	苯硫威 fenothiocarb	LC + GC	184	特丁硫磷砜 terbufos sulfone	GC
85	甲氰菊酯 fenpropathrin	LC + GC	185	特丁津 terbuthylazine	GC
86	丁苯吗啉 fenpropimorph	LC	186	杀虫畏 tetrachlorvinphos	LC
87	倍硫磷 fenthion	LC	187	四氟醚唑 tetraconazole	LC + GC
88	氰戊菊酯 fenvalerate	GC	188	三氯杀螨砜 tetradifon	GC
89	氟虫腈 fipronil	LC	189	禾草丹 thiobencarb	LC
90	氟吡禾草灵 fluazifop-butyl	LC + GC	190	虫线磷 thionazin	GC
91	氟氰戊菊酯 flucythrinate	GC	191	甲基立枯磷 tolclofos-methyl	LC + GC
92	氟喹唑 fluquinconazole	LC + GC	192	三唑酮 triadimefon	LC + GC
93	氟酰胺 flutolanil	LC + GC	193	三唑醇 triadimenol	GC
94	氟胺氰菊酯 fluvalinate	GC	194	野麦畏 triallate	GC
95	地虫硫磷 fonofos	LC	195	三唑磷 triazophos	LC
96	噻唑膦 fosthiazate	LC	196	敌百虫 trichlorfon	GC
97	六氯苯 hexachlorobenzene	GC	197	毒壤磷 trichloronat	GC
98	己唑醇 hexaconazole	LC + GC	198	肟菌酯 trifloxystrobin	GC
99	环嗪酮 hexazinone	GC	199	蚜灭磷 vamidothion	LC
100	抑霉唑 imazalil	LC	200	乙烯菌核利 vinclozolin	GC
注：^GC表示该农药使用GC-MS/MS检测；LC表示该农药使用UPLC-MS/MS检测；LC + GC表示该农药同时使用2种仪器检测。Note:^ GC means the pesticide was determined by GC-MS/MS; LC means the pesticide was determined by UPLC-MS/MS; LC + GC means the pesticide was determined by both equipments.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱流动相梯度洗脱参数

Table 2. The UPLC-MS/MS gradient elution procedure of mobile phase

时间 Time/min	流速 Flow rate/ (mL/min)	流动相 Mobile phase/%
时间 Time/min	流速 Flow rate/ (mL/min)	A (甲醇 Methanol)	B (2 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液 2 mmol/L Ammonium acetate)
0	0.3	15	85
0.5	0.3	15	85
2.5	0.3	50	50
10	0.3	95	5
12	0.3	95	5
12.1	0.3	15	85
15	0.3	15	85
质谱条件：气帘气172 kPa，碰撞气中等；离子喷雾电压5.5 kV；离子源温度500 ℃；离子源气体分别为1 345 kPa和2 345 kPa；多反应监测模式 (MRM)。各农药保留时间和质谱参数见文献方法^[18]。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 在不同检测方法下17种供试蔬菜不同强度基质效应的农药数量

Table 3. The number of pesticides with different matrix effects in 17 vegetables

编号 No.	蔬菜 Vegetables	GC-MS/MS			UPLC-MS/MS
编号 No.	蔬菜 Vegetables	弱 Weak	中等 Medium	强 Strong	弱 Weak	中等 Medium	强 Strong
1	萝卜 Radish	70	61	19	52	46	7
2	普通白菜 Chinese cabbage	26	85	39	79	23	3
3	胡萝卜 Carrot	15	93	42	85	18	2
4	花椰菜 Broccoli	15	95	40	59	36	10
5	茄子 Eggplant	68	61	21	90	10	5
6	西葫芦 Zucchini	21	92	37	97	7	1
7	大蒜 Garlic	11	77	62	3	24	78
8	辣椒 Pepper	24	89	37	67	32	6
9	番茄 Tomato	28	83	39	75	25	5
10	葱 Green onion	1	1	148	15	65	25
11	菠菜 Spinach	16	81	53	37	58	10
12	黄瓜 Cucumber	14	94	42	76	24	5
13	豇豆 Cowpea	11	86	53	52	44	9
14	韭菜 Leek	4	66	80	21	66	18
15	芹菜 Celery	7	69	74	6	84	15
16	生菜 Lettuce	6	85	59	71	28	6
17	姜 Ginger	62	54	34	3	38	64

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(26)

[1]	HE Z Y, WANG L, PENG Y, et al. Multiresidue analysis of over 200 pesticides in cereals using a QuEChERS and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method[J]. Food Chem, 2015, 169: 372-380. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.102
[2]	KITTLAUS S, SCHIMANKE J, KEMPE G, et al. Assessment of sample cleanup and matrix effects in the pesticide residue analysis of foods using postcolumn infusion in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2011, 1218(46): 8399-8410. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.054
[3]	RIEDEL M, SPEER K, STUKE S, et al. Simultaneous analysis of 70 pesticides using HPLC/MS/MS: a comparison of the multiresidue method of Klein and Alder and the QuEChERS method[J]. J AOAC Int, 2010, 93(6): 1972-1986.
[4]	BASILICATA P, MIRAGLIA N, PIERI M, et al. Application of the standard addition approach for the quantification of urinary benzene[J]. J Chromatogr B, 2005, 818(2): 293-299. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.01.013
[5]	YARITA T, AOYAGI Y, OTAKE T. Evaluation of the impact of matrix effect on quantification of pesticides in foods by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using isotope-labeled internal standards[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2015, 1396: 109-116. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.075
[6]	RIMAYI C, ODUSANYA D, MTUNZI F, et al. Alternative calibration techniques for counteracting the matrix effects in GC-MS-SPE pesticide residue analysis: a statistical approach[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 118: 35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.075
[7]	STAHNKE H, KITTLAUS S, KEMPE G, et al. Reduction of matrix effects in liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry by dilution of the sample extracts: how much dilution is needed?[J]. Anal Chem, 2012, 84(3): 1474-1482. doi: 10.1021/ac202661j
[8]	MAŠTOVSKÁ K, LEHOTAY S J, ANASTASSIADES M. Combination of analyte protectants to overcome matrix effects in routine GC analysis of pesticide residues in food matrixes[J]. Anal Chem, 2005, 77(24): 8129-8137. doi: 10.1021/ac0515576
[9]	Guidance document on analytical quality control and method validation procedures for pesticide residues and analysis in food and feed: SANTE/11813/2017[S]. European Commission, 2017.
[10]	Guidelines on performance criteria for methods of analysis for the determination of pesticide residues in food and feed: GL90—2017[S]. Codex Alimentarius, 2017.
[11]	食品安全国家标准. 植物源性食品中草铵膦残留量的测定. 液相色谱-质谱联用法: GB 23200.108—2018[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2018. National food safety standard. Determination of glufosinate-ammonium residues in foods of plant origin. Liqiud chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method: GB 23200.108—2018[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2018.
[12]	食品安全国家标准. 植物源性食品中二氯吡啶酸残留量的测定. 液相色谱-质谱联用法: GB 23200.109—2018[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2018. National food safety standard. Determination of clopyralid residues in foods of plant origin. Liqiud chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method: GB 23200.109—2018[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2018.
[13]	食品安全国家标准. 植物源性食品中氯吡脲残留量的测定. 液相色谱-质谱联用法: GB 23200.110—2018[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2018. National food safety standard. Determination of forchlorfenuron residues in foods of plant origin. Liqiud chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method: GB 23200.110—2018[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2018.
[14]	FERNÁNDEZ-ALBA A R, GARCÍA-REYES J F. Large-scale multi-residue methods for pesticides and their degradation products in food by advanced LC-MS[J]. Trends Anal Chem, 2008, 27(11): 973-990. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.09.009
[15]	ANASTASSIADES M, LEHOTAY S J, STAJNBAHER D, et al. Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and “dispersive solid-phase extraction” for the determination of pesticide residues in produce[J]. J AOAC Int, 2003, 86(2): 412-431.
[16]	邱世婷, 蒲凤琳, 侯雪, 等. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定 9 种绿叶类蔬菜中 36 种农药多残留的基质效应[J]. 农药学学报, 2018, 20(5): 661-667. QIU S T, PU F L, HOU X, et al. Matrix effects in the analysis of 36 pesticides residues in nine kinds of green leafy vegetables by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Chin J Pestic Sci, 2018, 20(5): 661-667.
[17]	HE Z Y, WANG Y H, WANG L, et al. Determination of 255 pesticides in edible vegetable oils using QuEChERS method and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2017, 409(4): 1017-1030. doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-0016-9
[18]	WANG J S, HE Z Y, WANG L, et al. Automatic single-step quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe sample preparation devices for analysis of pesticide residues in foods[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2017, 1521: 10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.027
[19]	HE Z Y, CHEN S S, WANG L, et al. Multiresidue analysis of 213 pesticides in leek and garlic using QuEChERS-based method and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2015, 407(9): 2637-2643. doi: 10.1007/s00216-015-8485-9
[20]	GONZÁLEZ-CURBELO M Á, HERNÁNDEZ-BORGES J, BORGES-MIQUEL T M, et al. Determination of pesticides and their metabolites in processed cereal samples[J]. Food Addit Contam: Part A, 2012, 29(1): 104-116. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2011.615032
[21]	CHEN H P, YIN P, WANG Q H, et al. A modified QuEChERS sample preparation method for the analysis of 70 pesticide residues in tea using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Food Anal Methods, 2014, 7(8): 1577-1587. doi: 10.1007/s12161-014-9791-0
[22]	HAJŠLOVÁ J, ZROSTLı?KOVÁ J. Matrix effects in (ultra)trace analysis of pesticide residues in food and biotic matrices[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2003, 1000(1-2): 181-197. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00539-9
[23]	CHEN G Q, CAO P Y, LIU R J. A multi-residue method for fast determination of pesticides in tea by ultra performance liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry combined with modified QuEChERS sample preparation procedure[J]. Food Chem, 2011, 125(4): 1406-1411. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.017
[24]	WALORCZYK S, DROŻDŻYŃSKI D, KIERZEK R. Determination of pesticide residues in samples of green minor crops by gas chromatography and ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry[J]. Talanta, 2015, 132: 197-204. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.073
[25]	KWON H, ANASTASSIADES M, DÖRK D, et al. Compensation for matrix effects in GC analysis of pesticides by using cucumber extract[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2018, 410(22): 5481-5489. doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-1197-1
[26]	JIAO W T, XIAO Y, QIAN X S, et al. Optimized combination of dilution and refined QuEChERS to overcome matrix effects of six types of tea for determination eight neonicotinoid insecticides by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Food Chem, 2016, 210: 26-34. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.097