何雄奎. 中国植保机械与施药技术研究进展[J]. 农药学学报, 2019, 21(5-6): 921-930. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2019.0089
    引用本文: 何雄奎. 中国植保机械与施药技术研究进展[J]. 农药学学报, 2019, 21(5-6): 921-930. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2019.0089
    HE Xiongkui. Research and development of crop protection machinery and chemical application technology in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2019, 21(5-6): 921-930. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2019.0089
    Citation: HE Xiongkui. Research and development of crop protection machinery and chemical application technology in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2019, 21(5-6): 921-930. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2019.0089

    中国植保机械与施药技术研究进展

    Research and development of crop protection machinery and chemical application technology in China

    • 摘要: 当今,中国农村存在家庭农场、小规模农业合作组织和国家农场3种经营模式,其植保机械与施药技术同其经营模式密切相关,尽管中国是农药生产与使用大国,全球排名第一,但落后的植保机械和农药使用技术与中国高速发展的现代化的农药生产水平不相适应,带来了农药有效利用率低、农产品中农药残留超标和环境污染等问题,在中国现代化的生产进程中,农药在中国农业与园林上的使用面临许多机遇与挑战。植保机械不同于其他农业机械,涉及农产品、环境与农药使用人员的安全,是一种精确农业作业机具。自2000年以来,中国政府借鉴欧美等发达国家的先进经验,成立专门的检测、管理部门和机构,负责农药的市场准入与使用规范标准的制订;近年来,国家科技部、农业农村部等加大了对植保机械与施药技术领域的投资力度,开发、研制了许多适合中国农业与园林上农药使用的新型机具与技术,并在生产中推广应用;中国政府已把植保机械与施药技术列入中国农民职业教育培训长期计划。

       

      Abstract: At present, there are three management patterns in Chinese agriculture, including household farm, small-scaled agricultural cooperation organization and national farm. The crop protection machinery and application technology are closely related to the management pattern. Although China has become the world's biggest agrochemical manufactory and consumer, the crop protection machinery and the application technology were less developed in China, which resulted in problems, such as low effective availability, pesticide residues in agricultural products and environmental pollution. Therefore, modern farming development in China confront both opportunities and challenges. Crop protection machinery is different from other agricultural machinery, because much more precision is required by the crop protection machinery to protect food quality, environment and personnel safety of pesticide application operator. After entry into World Trade Organization (WTO), experiences from the developed industrial countries has been used by the Chinese government to set up special inspection and management agency. The Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have increased the investment in the field of crop protection machinery and application technology. A lot of new machinery and technology used for the pesticide application for the agriculture and horticulture in China have been developed and popularized. The crop protection machinery and application technology have been included in the farmer's vocational education training by the Chinese government.

       

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