Abstract: Insect microbial symbionts participates in various physiological activities of the host, which has been deeply studied as the "multi-functional organ" of insects. Recent studies demonstrated that insect microbial symbionts were related to the detoxification metabolism of the host. This review focused on the positive compensation effect via insect microbial symbionts in host's metabolic detoxification. The functions of insect symbiotic bacteria in nutrient metabolism and detoxification metabolism, and insect microbial symbionts directly detoxification toxin or indirectly regulated host detoxification genes mediated host detoxification metabolism while increasing the adaptability of insect host in adversity and pesticide stress were reviewed. Outlook of the research direction of symbionts and host detoxification metabolism was provided.