Classification and current situation on evaluation of pesticide residues in dual commodity as food and feed in Codex Alimentarius Commission
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摘要: 本文梳理了国际食品法典委员会(CAC)用于农药残留评估的食饲两用商品的分类,介绍了食饲两用商品中农药残留评估技术及其最大残留限量推荐方法。通过对一个评估实例的剖析,进一步阐明了FAO/WHO农药残留联席会议(JMPR)的评估技术,为提高我国相关领域技术提供借鉴,并基于国内实际提出了建议。
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关键词:
- 国际食品法典委员会 /
- 食饲两用商品 /
- 农药残留 /
- 膳食摄入风险评估 /
- FAO/WHO农药残留联席会议
Abstract: In this article, the classification of dual commodity as food and feed for evaluation of pesticide residues by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) was summarized. Methods for conducting dietary intake risk assessment and establishing maximum residue limit (MRL) for pesticides in dual commodity as food and feed were presented. A case study further clarified the evaluation methodologies of the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR), which could provide a reference for improving the techniques in relevant fields in China. Meanwhile, suggestions and advises were put forward based on the current situation in China. -
表 1 从D类转移到C类的商品
Table 1. Commodities transferred from class D to class C
商品名称
Commodity name修订前
Prior revision修订后
After revision编码
Code所属类
Class所属亚类
Type所属组
Group编码
Code所属类
Class所属亚类
Type所属组
Group轧棉废料 Cotton gin trash AB 1204 D 13 71 AM 3587 C 11 52 棉籽壳 Cotton seed hulls AB 0691 D 13 71 AM 3588 C 11 52 棉籽粗粉 Cotton seed meal AB 1203 D 13 71 AM 3589 C 11 52 水稻壳 Rice hulls CM 1207 D 12 58 AS 3570 C 11 51 大豆粗粉 Soya bean meal AB 1265 D 13 71 AL 3539 C 11 50 大豆壳 Soya bean hulls AB 0541 D 13 71 AL 3538 C 11 50 甜菜渣(干) Sugar beet pulp (dry) AB 0596 D 13 71 AM 3599 C 11 52 甜菜渣(湿) Sugar beet pulp (wet) AB 1201 D 13 71 AM 1201 C 11 52 罐头厂甜玉米废料 Sweet corn cannery waste AB 0447 D 13 71 AM 3601 C 11 52 表 2 CAC商品分类中的食饲两用商品
Table 2. Dual commodity as food and feed in the classification by CAC
作物
Crop食品
Foodstuff饲料
FeedstuffCAC 商品分类
CAC commodity classification所属类
Class编号
Code名称
Name大麦 Barley 籽粒 Grain 籽粒 Grain A GC 0640 大麦 Barley 麸 Bran 麸 Bran D CF 0640 加工的大麦麸 Barley, bran, processed 玉米 Corn 籽粒 Grain 籽粒 Grain A GC 0645 玉米 Maize GC 0656 爆米花 Popcorn 蛋白 Corn gluten 蛋白饲料 Corn gluten feed D CF 3517 玉米蛋白 Corn gluten 蛋白粗粉 Corn gluten meal 蛋白粗粉 Corn gluten meal D CF 3518 玉米蛋白粗粉 Corn gluten meal 水稻 Rice 籽粒 Grain 籽粒 Grain A GC 0649 水稻 Rice 麸 Bran 麸 Bran D CM 1206 米麸 Rice bran, unprocessed 燕麦 Oat 籽粒 Grain 籽粒 Grain A GC 0647 燕麦 Oats 黑麦 Rye 籽粒 Grain 籽粒 Grain A GC 0650 黑麦 Rye 高粱 Sorghum 籽粒 Grain 籽粒 Grain A GC 0651 高粱籽粒 Sorghum grain 小麦 Wheat 籽粒 Grain 籽粒 Grain A GC 0654 小麦 Wheat 蛋白粗粉 Gluten meal 蛋白粗粉 Gluten meal D CF3522 小麦蛋白粗粉 Wheat gluten meal 粟 Millet 籽粒 Grain 籽粒 Grain A GC 0646 粟 Millet 黑小麦 Triticale 籽粒 Grain 籽粒 Grain A GC 0653 黑小麦 Triticale 大豆 Soybean 种子 Seed 种子 Seed A VD 0541 大豆 (干) Soybean (dry) 豆类 Beans 种子 Seed 种子 Seed A VD 0071 豆类 (干) Beans (dry) 豌豆 Pea 种子 Seed 种子 Seed A VD 0561 豌豆 (干) Field pea (dry) 羽扇豆 Lupin 种子 Seed 种子 Seed A VD 0545 羽扇豆 (干) Lupin (dry) 黑眼豆 Cowpea 种子 Seed 种子 Seed A VD 0527 黑眼豆 (干) Cowpea (dry) 甘蓝 Cabbage 头 Heads,叶 Leaves 头 Heads,叶 Leaves A VB 0041 结球甘蓝 Cabbages, head VL 0466 大白菜 Chinese cabbage (type Pak-choi) 羽衣甘蓝 Kale 叶 Leaves 叶 Leaves A VL 0480 羽衣甘蓝 Kale C 羽衣甘蓝,饲料,见 VL 0480 羽衣甘蓝
(适用与食品相同的 MRL)
Kale, forage, see kale, VL 0480
(the same MRL applies as the food commodity)芜菁 Turnip 叶 Leaves 叶 Leaves A VL 0506 芜菁 Turnip greens C 芜菁,叶或头,见 VL 0506 芜菁
(适用与食品相同的 MRL)
Turnip, leaves or tops, see turnip greens, VL 0506
(the same MRL applies as the food commodity)根 Roots 根 Roots A VR 0506 芜菁 Turnip, garden 瑞士芜菁 Swede 根 Roots 根 Roots A VR 0497 瑞士芜菁 Swede C 瑞士芜菁,根,见 VR 0497 瑞士芜菁
(适用与食品相同的 MRL)
Swedish turnip or swede, roots, see VR 0497 swede
(the same MRL applies as the food commodity)胡萝卜 Carrot 根 Roots 次品 Culls A VR 0577 胡萝卜 Carrot C 胡萝卜,次品,见 VR 0577 胡萝卜
(适用与食品相同的 MRL)
Carrot, culls, see carrot, VR 0577
(the same MRL applies as the food commodity)马铃薯 Potato 根 Roots 次品 Culls A VR 0589 马铃薯 Potato C 马铃薯,次品,见 VR 0589 马铃薯
(适用与食品相同的 MRL)
Potato, culls, see potato, VR 0589
(the same MRL applies as the food commodity)甜菜 Sugar beet 叶 Leaves 叶或顶 Leaves or tops A VL 0464 叶甜菜 Chard C 甜菜叶或顶,见 VL 0464 叶甜菜
(适用与食品相同的 MRL)
Beet, leaves or tops, forage, see chard, VL 0464
(the same MRL applies as the food commodity)糖浆 Molasses 糖浆 Molasses D DM 0596 甜菜糖浆 Sugar beet molasses 木薯 Cassava 根 Roots 根 Roots A VR 0463 木薯 Cassava 苹果 Apple 湿渣 Pomace, wet 湿渣 Pomace, wet D AB 1230 湿苹果渣 Apple pomace, wet 柑橘类 Citrus 干果肉 Dried pulp 干果肉 Dried pulp D AB 0001 干柑橘果肉 Citrus pulp, dried 椰子 Coconut 果肉 Meal 果肉 Meal D AB 0665 椰子肉 Coconut, meal 甘蔗 Sugarcane 糖浆 Molasses 糖浆 Molasses D DM 0659 甘蔗糖浆 Sugar cane molasses 表 3 JMPR评估tioxazafen的残留水平和推荐的最大残留限量[13]
Table 3. Residue levels and proposed MRLs of tioxazafen evaluated by JMPR[13]
作物/动物
Crop/Animal商品名称
Commodity name规范残留试验中值
STMR(STMR-P)/(mg/kg)残留高值 HR
(HR-P)/(mg/kg)推荐的 MRL
Proposed MRL/(mg/kg)加工因子
Processing factor玉米 Maize 玉米粒 Grain 0 0.01 (*) 秣草 Stover 0.005 0.013 0.03 (DM) 草料 Forage 0.005 0.0081 大豆 Soybean 大豆 Seed 0.0125 0.04 干草 Hay 0.069 0.17 0.4 (DM) 草料 Forage 0.029 0.078 大豆粕 Meal 0.017 0.06 1.41 大豆壳 Hull 0.0049 — 0.41 大豆油 Oil 0 — 0.06 棉花 Cotton 棉籽 Seed 0 0.01 (*) 轧棉副产品 Cotton gin by-product 0.00635 0.0098 0.02 哺乳动物类 Mammalian 肉 Meat 0.01 0.02 0.02 可食内脏 Edible offal 0.01 0.025 0.03 脂肪 Fat 0.01 0.025 0.03 乳 Milk 0.01 0.02 禽类 Poultry 肉 Meat 0.01 0.02 0.02 (*) 可食内脏 Edible offal 0.02 0.02 0.02 (*) 脂肪 Fat 0.01 0.02 0.02 (*) 蛋 Egg 0 0.02 0.02 (*) 注:*表示与定量限相当或接近;DM表示以干重计;—表示没有推荐最大残留限量。Note: * means at or about limit of quantification (LOQ); DM means on a dry matter basis; — means MRL was not recommended. -
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