Abstract: Aerosol insecticide is a commonly used public health pesticide. Scientific, rational and safe use of aerosol insecticide is so important for protecting the health of residents. Till now, limited research has been done on the safe application of aerosol insecticide, and the systematic risk assessment approaches are far to be constructed in China. World Health Organization(WHO) and US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) widely-used exposure assessment approaches of aerosol insecticide in the world were introduced, including the inhalation, dermal exposure to operator, the post-application inhalation, dermal exposure to resident and the hand-to-mouth, object-to-mouth exposure to child. Challenges on setting the exposure pathway and selecting the specific parameters when implementing the exposure assessment of indoor used aerosol in China was also discussed, which aimed to provide a scientific assessment tool for the appropriate development and safe use of aerosol insecticide products in China.