西瓜种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

吴学宏; 刘西莉; 刘鹏飞; 王红梅; 李健强

西瓜种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

Testing of Seed-borne Fungi of Major Watermelon Varieties in China and Disinfection Effect of Several Fungicides on Seed-borne Fungi

摘要

摘要: 采用离体平皿法对来自新疆等4个省区的14个西瓜品种进行种子带菌检测、分离纯化和鉴定,并测定了7种杀菌剂和1种种衣剂对种子带菌的消毒处理效果。结果表明,种子表面携带的优势菌群主要为青霉属Penicillium spp.、根霉属Rhizopus spp.、曲霉属Aspergillus spp.、交链孢属Alternaria spp.和镰孢属Fusarium spp.;种子内部寄藏真菌主要为青霉属、根霉属和曲霉属;不同品种之间种子表面携带真菌种类差异较大,种子内部寄藏真菌种类差异不明显;种壳带菌率一般高于种仁带菌率。15% FDDF ·霜·福悬浮种衣剂、福美双和代森锰锌对种子带菌消毒效果优于多菌灵、敌磺钠、 FDDF 霉灵、拌种灵和甲霜灵。

Abstract: The disinfection effect of several fungicides on seed-borne fungi of watermelon seeds were determined by means of petri-dish testing. The results showed that Penicllium spp., Rhizopus spp. Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. were the main seed-borne fungi on the surface of 14 major watermelon varieties from Xinjiang, Anhui, Beijing and Fujian provinces in China; Penicllium spp., Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus spp. represented the main internally seed-borne fungi. The fungi on the surface of seed were significantly different from each other, but the seed-borne fungi inside the seed showed no difference. 15% HMT SCF(hymexazol∶metalaxyl∶thiram＝3∶2∶10), thiram and mancozeb provided a good control on seed-borne fungi. Their inhibiting effect was much better than that of other tested fungicides.

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