Abstract: In order to understand the effect of soil fumigant chloropicrin (CP) on environmental organism, the acute toxicity of CP was determined using 5 species of environmental organism according to 'the examinational rule of security evaluation of chemical pesticide’ made by National Environmental Protection Agency of the People's Republic of China.And its environmental risk has also been assessed by Directive 91/414/EEC.The results showed that CP was middle toxicity to Scenedesmus obliquus (0.497 mg/L,96 h-EC50) and Rana limnocharis (2.18 mg /L, 48 h-LC50), high toxicity to Brachydanio rerio (0.222 mg/L,96 h-LC50),low toxicity to Apis mellifera L. ( ＞65.7 μ g/honeybee,48 h-LD50),and Eisenia foetida (76.1 mg/kg,14 d-LC50).The data of environmental risk assessment showed the acute risk of CP to Apis mellifera L. by injection method with polyethylene film was acceptable.But based on the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) in water and in soil,the potential acute risk of CP to Scenedesmus obliquus,Rana limnocharis,Brachydanio rerio and Eisenia foetida was high.The results indicated that when CP was applied in fields,it should be taken measures to reduce the acute risk and avoid to endanger to Scenedesmus obliquus,Rana limnocharis,Brachydanio rerio and Eisenia foetida by CP.