外源氨基酸对水稻生长及噻呋酰胺吸收的影响

    Effects of exogenous amino acids on rice growth and the uptake of thifluzamide

    • 摘要: 研究了氨基酸对水稻发芽、生长及噻呋酰胺吸收、转运、分配和防效的影响。以水稻纹枯病防控药剂噻呋酰胺为对象,采用室内水培试验和盆栽土培试验,测定了水稻种子发芽率、水稻鲜重和水稻组织中的噻呋酰胺含量。结果表明:甘氨酸、甲硫氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸和苏氨酸5种氨基酸拌种处理后水稻发芽率显著下降,其他15种氨基酸对水稻发芽率无显著影响。丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸9种氨基酸对水稻地上部鲜重有促进作用,其中酪氨酸促进作用达显著水平。水培和土培条件下,丝氨酸和酪氨酸均可显著促进水稻地上部中噻呋酰胺积累。其中,拌种土培条件下,酪氨酸处理后水稻地上部中噻呋酰胺含量可提高43.3%,显著优于丝氨酸处理组。进一步研究发现,酪氨酸处理显著改变了噻呋酰胺在水稻组织中的分布特征,导致水稻质外体汁液和可溶性组分中噻呋酰胺占比显著增加,而细胞壁中的噻呋酰胺占比显著降低,说明酪氨酸可增强细胞中噻呋酰胺的流动性,提高其吸收和运输效率。本研究结果表明,酪氨酸拌种处理可以显著提高水稻对噻呋酰胺的吸收和运输效率,进而提高噻呋酰胺利用率和对水稻纹枯病的防治效果,研究结果可为氨基酸在种子处理技术中的应用提供理论依据。

       

      Abstract: In this study, thifluzamide, a fungicide used to control sheath blight, was selected as a representative pesticide to investigate the effects of amino acids on rice germination, growth, and the uptake, translocation, distribution, and efficacy of thifluzamide in rice using soil pot and hydroponic experiments. We quantified key physiological parameters, including seed germination rate, seedling biomass (fresh weight), and thifluzamide residues in rice tissues. The results showed that the germination rate of rice seeds treated with glycine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine, and threonine was significantly lower than that of the control. In contrast, the germination rate remained largely unchanged when treated with the other 15 amino acids. We also found that the growth of rice shoots was enhanced when treated with serine, tyrosine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, and arginine, with tyrosine showing the most significant improvement. Under both hydroponic and soil cultivation conditions, serine and tyrosine significantly promoted the accumulation of thifluzamide in rice shoots. Notably, tyrosine treatment increased the thifluzamide content in rice shoots by 43.3%, outperforming the serine treatment. Further research showed that tyrosine altered the distribution characteristics of thifluzamide in rice tissues, significantly increasing its proportion in the apoplasts and soluble fractions while reducing its presence in cell walls. This suggests that tyrosine enhances the fluidity of thifluzamide within cells and improves its uptake efficiency. This study highlights that tyrosine seed treatment can significantly enhance the uptake and transport efficiency of thifluzamide in rice, thereby improving its utilization efficiency and efficacy against sheath blight. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights for the future application of amino acids in seed processing technologies for rice production.

       

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