Mechanism of insect metabolic resistance to pyrethroid insecticides

With indiscriminate use of pyrethroid insecticides on agricultural and urban settings insect pests, the pyrethroid resistance in insects has occurred widely. The resistance mechanisms of insects to pyrethroid insecticides include the resistance caused by the decline of insect cuticular penetration rate, insensitive target resistance and metabolic resistance. Among those mechanisms, the metabolic resistance of insects to pyrethroids is more commonly existed and closely related to insects cross resistance to a variety of insecticides. Recently, many new achievements on the mechanisms of insect metabolic resistance to pyrethroids insecticides have been obtained, with the application of new techniques such as proteomics, transcriptome and genomic techniques. The changes of insects insects are beneficial to rational use of pyrethroids insecticides and delay the development of insects resistance to pyrethroids. On the basis of summarizing the metabolic pathways of pyrethroids and the related metabolic enzymes, this article provides an overview of the new achievements on mechanisms of insect metabolic resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase resulted in the metabolic resistance of insects to pyrethroid insecticide. Especially the changes of the activity and relative gene expression level of these detoxification enzymes are the main mechanisms of insects metabolic resistance to pyrethroids. Clarifying the metabolic resistance mechanisms of resistant insects are beneficial to rational use of pyrethroids insecticides and delay the development of insects resistance to pyrethroids. On the basis of summarizing the metabolic pathways of pyrethroids and the related metabolic enzymes, this article provides an overview of the new achievements on mechanisms of insect metabolic resistance to pyrethroid insecticides.