Research progress on insecticides resistance in fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), a highly polyphagous insect originated from the tropical-subtropical regions of the American continent, can widely colonize different plant species. It was firstly discovered in Yunnan in January 2019 and rapidly spread to Guangxi, Guizhou, Guangdong and Hunan Provinces. The commonly used chemical agents for the control of fall armyworm included organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid. The previous studies of field resistance showed that the resistance ratio of those agents mentioned above have reached moderate and high level in recent years. While field-resistant strains showed no cross-resistance to indoxacarb, an oxidiazine insecticide. In addition, field and laboratory resistance to flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole have been reported. Meanwhile, the study showed there was high across resistance between these two active substances in fall armyworm. The resistance mechanism of fall armyworm mainly related to the decrease of epidermal penetration, the increase of detoxification and the target insensitivity. Among them, the increase of metabolic detoxification and the decrease of the target sensitivity were the main mechanisms of resistance to insecticides. In this review, the current knowledge in the area of field-evolved insecticides resistance and the mechanisms of the resistance to traditional and new insecticides, which will contribute to the scientific control of this insect pest and provide a valuable reference for future research.