Herbicide resistance of Chinese sprangletop Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees in rice fields: a review

Chinese sprangletop Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees is one of the most serious weed in rice fields. After the development of no-tillage and direct-seeding technology, L. chinensis spread quickly and became a problem weed in the development and application of modern rice cultivation techniques. The problem of resistance has appeared with the continuous use of cyhalofop-butyl and other herbicides in paddy fields for many years. Studies have shown that the higher resistance of L. chinensis to cyhalofop-butyl was resulted from the target gene mutations at 2027 and 1999 loci. In addition, the degree of resistance was related to the herbicide metabolic. It has been reported that the increase of the activity of glutathione S-transferase could enhance the herbicide metabolism in L. chinensis. In this review, the status and mechanism of L. chinensis resistance have been summarized, and the resistance management strategies are proposed, which has provided references for the control and management of the resistance of L. chinensis.