Research progress of the ecotoxicology of strobilurins on aquatic organisms

Strobilurins are fungicides with the largest sales around the world currently. The wide application of strobilurins has led to its pollution in the water environment. Many studies have reported that strobilurin fungicides are highly toxic to aquatic organisms even at very low concentrations, affecting the growth, development and reproductivity of aquatic organisms at different levels, posing risk to the safety of aquatic ecosystems. In this paper, the research progress was reviewed from strobilurin fungicides’ residues in water environment, bioaccumulation, as well as their acute and chronic toxic effects on aquatic organisms, and the influence on morphology, enzyme activity, protein and gene expression level of aquatic organisms. Focus on the future study in ecotoxicology of strobilurins was also discussed. The main purpose is to provide literature basis for further study on toxic effects and mechanisms of strobilurin fungicides to aquatic organisms, and developing strategies to reduce risk to aquatic ecosystems.