Progress on categories and synergistic mechanism of nanopesticides

The low usage efficiency of traditional pesticides formulations has caused a series of ecological environmental problems, so the development of efficient and safe pesticide formulations is significant for the sustainable development of agriculture. The rapid development of the nanotechnology industry opens new perspectives for modern crop protection strategies. Usage of nanomaterials and technology in the construction of nanopesticide delivery systems can effectively improve the utilization rates of pesticides, reduce the doses, and increase their efficiencies, which will ultimately reduce the pesticide residues and the environmental pollution. Recent research progress in the fields of formulations, synergistic mechanisms, potential problems and application prospects of nanopesticides were reviewed. Nanopesticides can significantly improve the dispersibility and stability of the active ingredients of pesticides, promote target deposition and dose transfer, and reduce loss and degradation, which will results in the reduction of the amount and frequency of usage. Research in the area of nanopesticides is still in its early developmental stage. Further research and improvement are still needed for the development of large-scale preparation, qualitative and quantitative detection methods and related evaluating regulations.