Molluscicidal activity of tea saponin to Pomacea canaliculata and its safety evaluation against three aquatic organisms
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Abstract
Pomacea canaliculata, golden apple snail, has been listed as one of the 100 most destructive invasive alien species in the world by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Recently, tea saponin, a botanical pesticide, has been reported to show effective molluscicidal activity. However, safety evaluation of tea saponin to environment is scarce. In this work, the toxicity of tea saponin to P. canaliculata was tested in the lab and the safety evaluation of tea saponin against three aquatic organisms was investigated. In addition, the field control efficacy of tea saponin to P. canaliculata was evaluated. The results showed that tea saponin was effective to P. canaliculata under the conditions of lab, and the LC50 values (all of the following values are shown in the form of active ingredients) against late adult, early adult and larvae snails were 2.61, 2.39 and 2.68 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, tea saponin showed low toxicity to Daphnia magna (EC50 of 17.77 mg/L) and moderate toxicity to Barchydonio rerio (LC50 of 1.76 mg/L). Tea saponin could also promote the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum at the concentration of 100 mg/L. Application of tea saponin at dosages of 2.03, 2.25 and 2.48 kg/hm2 resulted in a corrected control efficacy of higher than 90% to P. canaliculata in the field, which showed similar control effect to that of commercialized molluscicides, metaldehyde with 0.45 kg/hm2 and niclosamide ethanolamine with 0.57 kg/hm2. The present results will pave the way for the effective management of P. canaliculata with tea saponin in the field.
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