Dietary risk assessment of 4 pesticides residue in bayberries and effect of houshold washing method on residue removal

To study the dietary risk of pesticides residue in bayberries and effect of houshold washing method on residue removal, 4 pesticides (2,4-D, prochloraz, azoxystrobin and carbendazim) residue in 239 batches of bayberry samples collected from markets and production frams were determined by QuEChERS sample pretreatment method and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and results showed high detection rates and residue amount in bayberry. The study evaluated the potential dietary risk of four pesticides using point estimation (PE) method. Two commonly used household cleaning methods (rinsing in water and soaking in NaCl solution) were compared to simulate pesticide residue removal experiments, aiming to provide safety consumption suggestions for consumers. The detection rate from high to low were carbendazim (30%), azoxystrobin (25%), prochloraz (23%) and 2,4-D (1.7%). The results showed that the residues were ranged in 2,4-D 0.01-0.05 mg/kg, prochloraz 0.011-1.5 mg/kg, azoxystrobin 0.011-1.8 mg/kg and carbendazim 0.012-4.3 mg/kg, respectively. The median residues of 4 pesticides were all 0.01 mg/kg. The total dietary chronic risk quotients from high to low were prochloraz(0.82), carbendazim(0.57), 2,4-D(0.50) and azoxystrobin(0.011), and the chronic risk proportion of prochloraz, carbendazim, 2,4-D and azoxystrobin in total dietary chronic risk were 0.09%, 0.09%, 0.38% and 0.59%, respectively. However, the acute risk quotients of carbendazim, prochloraz and 2,4-D were 3.93, 1.12 and 0.001, respectively, which showed the acute risk quotient for carbendazim and prochloraz exceeded the safety limt. The overall results showed that rinsing in water for 1 min had better pesticide residue removal effect than soaking in NaCl for 20 min. The pesticide removal rates of carbendazim, 2,4-D, azoxystrobin, and prochloraz were 70.8% 49.9%, 47.5% and 23.9%, respectively. The acute risk quotients of carbendazim distinctly decreased from 3.93 to 1.15, and prochloraz decreased from 1.12 to 0.85, respectively.