Research progress on ecological risk assessment of pesticides to amphibians

The environmental pollution problem caused by pesticides has always received much attention. Amphibians mainly live in agricultural areas or in neighbour water system, with their individual development and population survival vulnerable to pesticide threats. Therefore, it is particularly important to assess the ecological risks of pesticides to amphibians. This article mainly summarizes the research progress in the field of pesticide exposure assessment, effect assessment and risk characterization of pesticide effect on amphibians in recent years. As representative of large-scale spatial regional ecological risk assessment, the US and EU developed assessment systems for pesticide effects to amphibians, which are scientific in the testing of toxic effects. The evaluation tools in these systems are modeled, with the evaluation methods combined with qualitative and quantitative sections. While the China's amphibian ecological risk assessment is still in the prelimilary stage, with lack of original data on the chronic assessment, with low quanlity assessment method, and with insufficient quantitative model development.. In the future, China's amphibian ecological risk assessment should actively be improved to meet the development trend of future ecological risk assessment, and to provide solutions for the healthy development of amphibian populations, the rational application and effective management of pesticides.