Research progress on ecotoxicological effects of succinic dehydrogenase inhibiting fungicides on aquatic organisms

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHIs) fungicides, one of the main players in the current fungicide market, are widely used, which has also caused their entry into the aquatic environment and threatens the safety of aquatic organisms. A large number of studies have shown that most of these insecticides have high acute toxicity to aquatic organisms, and some of them even reach the level of severe toxicity. Furthermore, SDHIs have toxic effects on aquatic organisms even at low concentration, affecting the growth, development and reproduction of aquatic organisms, which can further cause the imbalance of the aquatic ecosystems. This review summarized the pollution influence of SDHIs in the aquatic environment, their toxic effects and mechanisms of action to aquatic organisms. Furthermore, the research focus and development direction of the aquatic ecotoxicology of these fungicides in the future have been prospected, aiming to provide theoretical basis for reducing the impact of such fungicides on aquatic ecosystems.