Research progress in target dose transfer and regulation of pesticides deposition by foliar spray diluted with water

Target dose transfer of pesticide deposition by foliar spray diluted with water is a complex process, involving formation preparation, dilution with water, atomization, spatial dispersion, foliar deposition, and retention. Because of the influence of many factors, such as physicochemical properties of pesticides, environmental factors, damage rules, foliar structure, and so on, the target deposition rate is 40.6% on the three major food crops rice, wheat, and corn. One of the main reasons for the low dose transfer efficiency of pesticides to target is the lack of research and comprehension of the loss law and efficient utilization mechanism of pesticides in different regions and target crop cropping systems. Based on the dose transfer process of pesticides to target crops and pests, the target dose transfer of pesticides deposition by foliar spray diluted with water is considered as droplet spatial dispersion, foliar dynamic deposition, and steady-state retention according to the time sequence. The advances in loss phenomena and behavior, rules and mechanism, regulatory approaches, and methods from each dose transfer step were reviewed from the spatial dimension. From the perspective of technological development and progress, the development of research and cognition on dose transfer and the regulation of pesticide to target deposition was analyzed, the typical representative results were summarized, and suggestions for future research and development were proposed. It is expected to objectively recognize the achievements of dose transfer and regulation of pesticides on target deposition. More attention should be paid to researching the loss rules of pesticide efficient transfer and deposition to targets, exploring the main control process and influencing factors, and revealing the mechanism of efficient utilization and regulation. The regulation methods, technical parameters, and application limit standards of functional surfactants were put forward. This review provides theoretical and technical support for the development of key technology and product that can reduce the application and increase the efficiency of pesticides.