Biological functions of G-quadruplexes and the ligands in plant viruses

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical secondary structure of nucleic acids that play vital roles in various biological processes. Recent studies have showed that G4s are widely distributed in the genomes of plant RNA and DNA viruses, and involved in several viral regulatory processes. It serves as the potential antiviral target. This review focused on the distribution, conservation and potential function of G4s in the genome of plant viruses, and summarized the related reports of G4 ligands for their antiviral properties. This review will provide basis and guidance for the effective prevention of plant virus diseases.