Preparation and performance study of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 loaded clopyralid nanoparticle drug delivery system
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Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
Clopyralid is a hormone-type heterocyclic herbicide that has been widely used to control broad-leaved weeds in crops such as rapeseed, corn, and wheat. However, clopyralid is water soluble and mobile, and it has been recognized as a new type of pollutant in agricultural wastewater. The preparation of sustained-release formulations of clopyralid can effectively reduce its negative impact on the environment. This study prepared a clopyralid loading system using zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) as a carrier and optimized the loading method. The morphology, size distribution, chemical functional groups, crystal structure, thermal stability and other indicators were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and N2 adsorption desorption. The release mechanism and herbicidal activity were also studied. The results showed that clopyralid could be successfully loaded into the ZIF-8 carrier, with the particle size being approximately 219.3 nm after loading with clopyralid. The drug loading rate reached a maximum of 43.6%, and its release mode was most consistent with the Weibull model (R2=0.9999). Additionally, the results of bioactivity experiment against Echinochloa crus-galli showed that the herbicidal activity of clopyralid was not reduced after loading into ZIF-8, and even at a high concentration, ZIF-8 could play a certain synergistic effect. This study provided a reference for the preparation of herbicide loading systems based on ZIF-8 carrier.
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