Progress on oxoaporphine alkaloids and their activities in agriculture

Oxoaporphine alkaloids are a class of structurally diverse and widely distributed plant-derived natural products. They possess unique chemical skeletons and exhibit remarkable agricultural antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal activities, thus showing great research and application potential. Owing to these outstanding properties, oxoaporphine alkaloids have garnered extensive attention in recent years. Significant progress has been made in the isolation and structure elucidation from plant sources, chemical synthesis, and studies on agricultural biological activities. The main plant origins, chemical structural characteristics, and total synthesis strategies of oxoaporphine alkaloids are systematically summarized in this review, with a focus on their application potential in the pest and disease control of crop plants. This review aims to provide a scientific foundation for the research and development of green pesticides based on this privileged scaffold.